摘要
为精准评估扬州市主要农作物肥料投入量,摸清其投入现状及存在问题,提出平衡施肥的丰产对策。基于统计数据和实地调查数据,分析了“十三五”期间(2016—2020年)扬州市各县(市、区)氮、磷、钾肥投入量变化、各县(市、区)化肥和有机肥施用总量(氮、磷、钾肥总量)变化等特征。结果表明,“十三五”期间(2016—2020年)扬州各县(市、区)肥料施用量总体呈下降趋势。其中有机肥施用量以2017年为转折点,呈先逐年增加后下降趋势。宝应县平均有机肥施用量最高,广陵区平均有机肥施用量最低。化肥施用量总体呈下降趋势,广陵区化肥平均施用量最低,江都区化肥平均施用量最高。整体上扬州市氮肥施用总量呈逐年下降,磷和钾肥施用总量呈逐年上升趋势。在此基础上,阐述了扬州市当前存在的化学肥料比例偏高、化肥氮肥总量投入居高不下、肥料运筹简单化等问题,并提出了优化施肥结构,充分利用有机肥;调整施肥比例,合理平衡施肥;科学研判墒情,提高施肥效率等化肥使用的建议,以确保“十四五”期间进一步提高耕地质量,促进农业高质高效绿色可持续发展。
To evaluate the fertilizer input of major crops in Yangzhou City,it is necessary to evaluate the present situation and existing problems related to chemical fertilizer inputs in agriculture.The study analyzed the characteristics of the total inputs of different chemical fertilizers in each county(city,district) in Yangzhou City during 2016-2020,and provided suggestions for balance fertilization and yield abundance.The results showed that the total quantity of fertilizer applied in Yangzhou counties(cities and districts) decreased in the 13th Five-Year Plan period(2016-2020).Among them,the application rate of organic fertilizer increased every year before 2017,and then decreased every year.The application rate of organic fertilizer in Baoying County was highest,and the application rate of organic fertilizer in Guangling District was lowest.The application rate of chemical fertilizer per unit area decreased every year.The application rate of chemical fertilizer per unit area in Guangling District was lowest,and the application rate of chemical fertilizer per unit area in Jiangdu District was highest.Overall,the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer application in Yangzhou City decreased every year,and the total application rate of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer increased every year.In summary,the author expounds the current problems in Yangzhou City,such as the application rate of chemical fertilizer were high,the high total input of nitrogen fertilizer,and the fertilizer management was sample.In view of those problems,this paper puts forward some ways to improve the quality of cultivated land during the ‘14th Five-Year Plan' period by optimizing the fertilization structure,making full use of organic fertilizer,adjusting the rate of fertilizer application and increasing fertilization efficiency.
作者
李文西
毛伟
苏胜
陈明
陈欣
王翔
LI Wen-xi;MAO Wei;SU Sheng(Yangzhou Cultivated Land Quality Protection Station,Yangzhou,Jiangsu 225101)
出处
《安徽农业科学》
CAS
2024年第12期144-147,共4页
Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences
基金
国家重点研发计划“化肥减施增效技术信息化服务系统建设研究”(2016YFD0201303)。
关键词
化肥
有机肥
氮磷钾比例
扬州市
Chemical fertilizer
Organic fertilizer
Nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium application ratio
Yangzhou City
