摘要
【目的】揭示耕地土壤肥力变异特征及其影响因素,以指导长江中下游粮食主产区农业生产与耕地保育。【方法】江苏省扬州市是长江中下游粮食主产区的典型区域,选取扬州市1984年与2014年土壤pH、全氮、有效磷、速效钾和有机质作为土壤综合肥力评价指标,采用内梅罗指数法计算土壤综合肥力指数,采用GIS和地统计学相结合的方法,确定各项肥力指标和综合肥力指数的时空变异特征和分布格局,通过回归分析探究土壤肥力差异的主控因素。【结果】1) 30年间(1984—2014年)长江中下游粮食主产区耕层土壤有机质、全氮和有效磷含量分别增加了6.01 g/kg、0.33 g/kg和21.21 mg/kg,速效钾含量降低了9 mg/kg,土壤pH降低了0.77。土壤有机质、全氮、有效磷和速效钾含量呈中等变异性,土壤pH呈弱变异性;2) 30年间耕地土壤肥力指数增加0.31,年度间稳定,呈中等变异性和中等空间自相关性,耕地土壤肥力水平上升明显。耕地土壤肥力等级1984年以Ⅲ级为主、占总耕地面积的73.27%,2014年以Ⅱ级为主、占比76.20%;3)成土母质、土类、亚类、土壤质地、土地利用方式对长江中下游粮食主产区耕地土壤肥力变异达到极显著影响(P <0.01)。1984年和2014年土地利用方式能够独立解释53.9%和58.0%的耕地肥力演变差异,是长江中下游粮食主产区30年耕地土壤肥力变异最主要影响因素。【结论】长江中下游粮食主产区耕地土壤肥力总的呈增加趋势,肥力等级由1984年的以Ⅲ级为主,提升到2014年的以Ⅱ级为主。土地利用方式是长江中下游粮食主产区(扬州市) 30年间耕地土壤肥力变异的最主要驱动因素。
【Objectives】 Study of the temporal and spatial evolution of fertilities of farmlands and the driving factors is of great value for guiding agricultural production and farmland conservation in the main grain producing areas of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. 【Methods】 Yangzhou is one of the main grain producing areas in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The soil pH and the contents of total N,available P, available K and organic matter in 1984 and 2014 were selected as the evaluation indexes of soil comprehensive fertility. The soil comprehensive fertility index was calculated by Nemero index method. The spatial-temporal variation characteristics and distribution pattern of each fertility index and comprehensive fertility index were determined by GIS and geostatistics. The main differences of soil fertility were explored by regression analysis control factor. 【Results】 1) During 30 years(1984–2014), in the main grain producing areas of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River basin, the contents of organic matter, total N and available P in farmland increased by 6.01 g/kg, 0.33 g/kg and 21.21 mg/kg, respectively;the contents of available K decreased by 9 mg/kg, and the pH values decreased by 0.77. The contents of soil organic matter, total N,available P and available K showed moderate variability, and the pH showed weak variability. 2) In the past 30 years, the soil fertility index of farmland increased by 0.31, which was stable between years, showing medium variability and medium spatial autocorrelation, and the level of soil fertility increased significantly. The soil fertility of farmlands in 1984 mainly fell in grade Ⅲ, accounting for 73.27% of the total farmland area, and that in 2014 was mainly in grade Ⅱ, accounting for 76.20%. 3) Soil parent material, soil type, soil subclass, soil texture and land use pattern had a significant effect on the spatial evolution of soil fertility(P < 0.01). Land use patterns could independently explain 53.9% of th
作者
毛伟
李文西
陈明
龚鑫鑫
高晖
张月平
褚宏远
赵海涛
柏彦超
钱晓晴
MAO Wei;LI Wen-xi;CHEN Ming;GONG Xin-xin;GAO Hui;ZHANG Yue-ping;CHU Hong-yuan;ZHAO Hai-tao;BAI Yan-chao;QIAN Xiao-qing(Yangzhou Cultivated Land Quality Protection Station,Yangzhou,Jiangsu 225009,China;College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou,Jiangsu 225127,China)
出处
《植物营养与肥料学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第11期1998-2009,共12页
Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0201303)
扬州市校合作专项(YZ2019136)。
关键词
耕地土壤肥力
时空演变
长江中下游
驱动因素
soil fertility of cultivated land
temporal and spatial evolution
middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River
main control factors
