摘要
为了探究不同施肥方式对香蕉园土壤环境条件、香蕉产量及果实品质的影响差异,筛选香蕉园较佳的施肥方式,为香蕉园合理施肥提供参考。以当地常规施肥(仅施化肥)为对照,设置增施生物有机肥、复合微生物肥和鸽子粪肥等处理,在广州市增城区永宁街道永和简村开展为期2年的香蕉大田试验,分析比较不同施肥方式对香蕉园土壤养分含量、酶活性、微生物群落结构,及香蕉产量和果实品质的影响。结果表明,与对照相比,增施生物有机肥、复合微生物肥和鸽子粪肥处理均显著增加香蕉园土壤有机质含量,以增施生物有机肥处理效果最为明显,分别较对照和增施鸽子粪肥处理增加46.51%和18.23%,处理间差异显著;增施生物有机肥处理的有效磷、总氮、碱解氮含量及pH值也最高。土壤酶活性方面,3个增施肥处理均增加α-葡萄糖苷酶、中性磷酸酶、酸性磷酸酶和硝酸还原酶活性,3个处理间差异不显著,增施生物有机肥处理的多酚氧化酶显著降低,而纤维素酶则显著增加。增施复合微生物肥处理改变土壤细菌群落结构,增加变形菌门(Proteobacteria)丰度,而增施生物有机肥处理则提升细菌群落丰度。3个增施肥处理均显著增加香蕉产量和产值,提高果实可溶性糖和维生素C含量,降低硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐含量,以增施生物有机肥处理效果最为明显,较对照产量增加754 kg/667 m^(2),纯收益增加1248元/667 m^(2),施肥产投比达到5.8∶1。说明香蕉园增施生物有机肥、复合微生物肥和鸽子粪肥均可增加土壤有机质含量,提高土壤酶活性,改变土壤微生物菌落结构及丰度,并显著提高香蕉产量,改善果实品质,以增施生物有机肥效果最佳。
To explore the effects of different fertilization methods on orchard soil environment and banana yield and quality,and screen the best fertilization methods,so as to provide scientific basis for rational fertilization of banana,a 2-year field experiment was conducted in Yonghejian Village,Yongning Sub-district,Zengcheng District,with local conventional fertilization(chemical fertilizer only)as control(CF),supplemented with bio-organic fertilizer(BIO),compound microbial fertilizer(MCF)and pigeon manure organic fertilizer(PF)as treatments.The effects of different fertilization methods on soil nutrient content,enzyme activity,microbial community structure and banana yield and quality were studied.The results showed that compared with CF,MCF,BIO and PF treatments significantly increased the soil organic matter content of banana orchard.The BIO treatment had the best effect,with organic matter increased by 46.51%and 17.98%,respectively,compared with CF and PF treatment.The contents of available phosphorus,total nitrogen,alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen and pH value were also the highest under BIO treatment.In terms of soil enzyme activity,the activities ofα-glucosidase,neutral phosphatase,acid phosphatase and nitrate reductase of MCF,BIO and PF treatments were increased,and there was no significant difference among these three treatments.Polyphenol oxidase of BIO treatment was significantly decreased,while cellulase was significantly increased.MCF treatment changed the composition and structure of soil bacterial community and increased the abundance of Proteobacteria,while BIO treatment increased the abundance of bacterial community.MCF,BIO and PF treatments significantly increased the yield and output value of banana,increased the contents of protein,soluble sugar and vitamin C,and reduced the contents of nitrate and nitrite,among which BIO treatment had the most obvious effect,with the yield increased by 11.32 t/hm^(2) and net income increased by 18,750 yuan/hm^(2).The ratio of fertilizer output and input reached 5.8:1.T
作者
谢小林
李成江
周莲
陈猛
刘玉敏
王勇
朱红惠
XIE Xiaolin;LI Chengjiang;ZHOU Lian;CHEN Meng;LIU Yumin;WANG Yong;ZHU Honghui(Institute of Microbiology,Guangdong Academy of Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiome,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Preservation and Application,Guangzhou,Guangdong,510070,China;Guangdong Bowote Biotechnology Co.Ltd,Shaoguan,Guangdong,512000,China)
出处
《中国南方果树》
北大核心
2024年第3期153-160,165,共9页
South China Fruits
基金
广东省韶关市科技计划项目(210806164532037、220805106270728)
广州市科技计划项目(202201011832)
广东特支计划项目(2021JC06N628)
“十四五”广东省农业科技创新十大主攻方向“揭榜挂帅”项目(2022SDZG09、2023SDZG09)。
关键词
生物有机肥
微生物肥
土壤养分
微生物群落
香蕉产量
可溶性糖
biological organic fertilizer
microbial fertilizer
microbial colony
banana yield
soluble sugar
