摘要
作为规范表达习近平生态文明思想的重要组成部分,生态环境侵权惩罚性赔偿是促进人与自然和谐共生的有效制度。故意是一种主观心理状态,廓清其规范语义乃准确适用生态环境侵权惩罚性赔偿的关键所在。基于法秩序统一性原理,《民法典》第1232条之“故意”包括直接故意和间接故意,不应且不能包括重大过失。认识因素是界定故意的核心标准。故意的认识对象或指行为人对其行为违反法律规定的明知,或指行为人对其行为会造成损害后果的明知,但无需二者同时兼备。故意的认识类型包括确实知道以及通过欺诈规则和漠视规则的推定知道,但不包括应当知道。基于推定知道的或然性,司法解释在列举推定知道的典型情形时,还应增设相应的“除外规定”。
As an important part of Xi Jinping's idea of ecological civilization,punitive damages for ecological and environmental infringement is an effective system to promote the harmonious coexistence of human beings and nature.Dolus is a subjective state of mind,and clarifying its normative semantics is the key to the accurate application of punitive damages for ecological and environmental infringement.Based on the principle of unity of the legal order,the"dolus"of Article 1232 of the Civil Code includes dolus directus and dolus indirectus,and should not and cannot include gross negligence.The cognitive factor is the core criterion for defining intent.The object of awareness of intent is either the actor's knowledge that his or her conduct violates the law or the actor's knowledge that his or her conduct will result in damaging consequences,but it is not necessary to have both.The types of knowledge of dolus include actual knowledge as well as constructive knowledge through the rules of fraud and indifference,but not ought to know.Based on the contingent nature of the presumption of knowledge,the judicial interpretation in the list of typical cases of presumption of knowledge,should also add the corresponding"exceptions".
出处
《新疆社会科学》
2024年第2期83-94,149,共13页
Social Sciences in Xinjiang
基金
国家社科基金青年项目“公私法交融视域下生态环境侵权惩罚性赔偿制度的解构与续造研究”(22CFX042)
重庆市社会科学规划英才计划项目“国家治理现代化视阈下民法典的中国特色、实践特色、时代特色研究”(2022YC057)
中央高校基本科研业务费项目“中国民法典的绿色元素研究暨成渝地区实现碳达峰碳中和目标的法治保障研究”(2023CDJSKJJ03)的阶段性成果。
