摘要
在大数据时代,面对个人信息大规模收集使用的现实情况,普遍存在的认知问题与结构问题破坏了个人信息自我控制的基础,大数据的特征与运行规律限制了告知-同意、目的限制、数据最小化等工具(原则)的效用,需要超越个人控制范式,迈向社会保护范式。检察公益诉讼是社会保护范式得以实现的重要机制,个人信息的公共性是检察公益诉讼介入个人信息保护领域的正当性基础。目前,个人信息保护检察公益诉讼虽然取得了一定成效,但在案件类型、诉讼请求范围、诉讼规则、赔偿金归属等方面仍有较大的完善空间。《个人信息保护法》第70条虽然对现有问题进行了回应,但内容仍然较为笼统和粗疏,难以给司法实践提供具体指引。在未来的司法实践中,应当将风险预防作为该项制度的主要功能,拓宽案件线索来源,简化前置性程序,积极探索预防性公益诉讼,发挥检察公益诉讼的示范引领作用。还应当进一步细化诉讼事由,避免将“侵害”简化为“损害”,落实举证责任倒置,建立健全惩罚性赔偿、赔偿金管理等配套制度。
In the era of big data,facing the reality of large-scale collection and use of personal information,widespread cognitive and structural problems have destroyed the foundation of personal information self-control.The characteristics and operational mechanisms of Big Data limit the utility of tools(principles)such as informing,consent,and purpose limitation.The Public interest litigation by Procuratorate is an important way to practice the paradigm of social control,and the publicity and sociality of personal information is the jurisprudential basis for Procuratorate to intervene in personal information protection.Although Article 70 of the Personal Information Protection Law has responded to the existing problems,the content is still relatively general and sloppy,which brings many uncertainties to judicial practice.In the future judicial practice,the main function of the system should be risk prevention,broadening the sources of case clues,simplifying the antecedent procedures,actively exploring preventive public interest litigation,and playing the role of demonstration and leadership of prosecutorial public interest litigation.It should also further refine the cause of action,avoid simplifying the term"infringement"to"damage",implement the reversal of the burden of proof,and establish a sound system of punitive damages and compensation management.
作者
许身健
张涛
XU Shenjian;ZHANG Tao(China University of Political Science and Law,Beijing 100088,China)
出处
《法学论坛》
北大核心
2023年第1期95-110,共16页
Legal Forum
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目《大数据、人工智能背景下的公安法治建设研究》(19ZDA165)的阶段性成果
关键词
个人信息
告知-同意
个人信息社会保护
检察公益诉讼
personal information
notice and consent
social protection of personal information
public interest litigation by procuratorate
