摘要
工业革命以来,劳动形态由工业劳动、服务劳动、信息劳动向数字劳动演进。数字生产方式加速推动人机关系变革,从工业经济时代简单操作、密切协作、深度交互模式,逐渐向数字经济时代柔性融合模式演进,机器的态势感知能力不断提升,人机依赖性日益增强。人机融合重构劳动关系的动力机制涉及劳动关系系统中投入、主体、转换过程、产出等全主体和全流程的数字化变革。在人机融合模式下,劳动关系发展面临新趋势,包括人职匹配趋于精准化、共生化,雇佣关系趋于灵活化、合作化,办公场所趋于移动化、线上化,劳动过程趋于原子化、碎片化,工作时间趋于弹性化、自由化,报酬支付趋于创客化、长期化,管控模式趋于扁平化、网络化,治理体系趋于多元化、柔性化。为加速构建数字经济时代新型和谐劳动关系,市场层面应构建数字经济生态体系,打造劳动者工作新模式;企业应加快组织变革进程,推动企业组织转向扁平化网状架构;个体应适应新环境、强化新技能、激活新思想、创造新话语权;政府和社会组织应推动法律体系和制度改革,灵活运用数字生态利益相关者力量。
Since the Industrial Revolution,labor patterns have evolved from industrial,service,and information labor to digital labor.The digital production mode accelerates the change of human-machine relationship,it gradually evolves to the flexible integration mode in the digital economy era from the simple operation,close collaboration and deep interaction mode in the industrial economy era,the machine's situational awareness capability is constantly improving,and the dependence between human and machine is increasing.The power mechanism of human-computer integration to reconfigure labor relations involves the digital transformation of the whole subject and process of inputs,subjects,conversion processes,and outputs in the labor relations system.Under the human-machine integration mode,the development of labor relations is facing new trends,including the tendency of human-job matching to be precise and symbiotic,the tendency of employment relationship to be flexible and cooperative,the tendency of office space to be mobile and online,the tendency of the labor process to be atomized and fragmented,the tendency of the working time to be flexible and liberal,the tendency of compensation payment to be creative and long-term,the tendency of the control mode to be flattened and networked,and the tendency of the governance system to be diversified and flexibilized.In order to accelerate the construction of a new type of harmonious labor relations in the era of digital economy,the market should build a digital economy ecosystem and create a new mode of work for workers;enterprises should speed up the process of organizational change and promote the shift of their organizations to a flat,mesh-like structure;individuals should adapt to new environments,strengthen their new skills,activate their new ideas,and create a new discourse;and the government and social organizations should promote reforms of the law and the system,and flexibly use the power of stakeholders in the digital ecosystem to promote a harmonious labor relationshi
作者
丁述磊
戚聿东
刘翠花
李建奇
Ding Shu-lei;Qi Yu-dong;Liu Cui-hua;Li Jian-qi
出处
《经济学家》
北大核心
2024年第4期45-55,共11页
Economist
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目“技术标准与知识产权协同推进数字产业创新的机理与路径研究”(19ZDA077)。
关键词
数字经济
劳动形态
人机关系
劳动关系
Digital Economy
Labor Patterns
Human-Machine Relations
Labor Relations
