摘要
为了实现旱作区化肥减量增效的可行性,研究化肥配施有机肥对玉米生长及产量的影响。2019—2020年,以粮饲兼用玉米品种‘金凯5号’为供试材料,设不施肥(CK)、单施商品有机肥(T_(1))、单施化肥(T_(2)常规用量)、化肥配施商品有机肥(T_(3))、化肥减量15%配施有机肥(T_(4))及化肥减量30%配施有机肥(T_(5))共6个处理。结果表明:2年各施肥处理与CK相比,施肥均能促进玉米生长,显著增加营养器官干物质累积量,提高玉米产量肥料农学效率与偏肥生产力,对生长与产量影响大小依次为:T_(3)>T_(4)>T_(5)>T_(2)>T_(1)>CK。其中,化肥减量配施有机肥(T_(4)、T_(5))与单施化肥(T_(2))相比,增加玉米株高0.24%~3.12%,穗位高增加0.28%~3.27%,叶面积指数增加2.36%~8.91%,不同生育期玉米干物质累积量增加4.14%~24.40%,玉米产量增加4.38%~11.20%,水分利用效率提高9.06%~13.20%,氮、磷、钾肥力农学效率提高0.44%~24.80%。综上所述,商品有机肥替代部分化肥能显著促进玉米生长与提高玉米产量,即便化肥减量30%(T_(5))也不会对玉米产量产生不利影响,同时能提高水分利用效率、肥料农学效率与氮肥偏生产力,是旱作区玉米一种节肥增效的施肥技术模式。
The purpose is to study the effects of organic fertilizer replacing partial chemical fertilizer on maize growth and yield,and to assess the feasibility of achieving high yield by reducing chemical fertilizer.A two-year(2019 to 2020)field experiment was carried out using maize‘Jinkai 5’with six treatments including no fertilizer(CK),commercial organic fertilizer(T_(1)),traditional chemical fertilizer(T_(2)),traditional chemical fertilizer plus commercial organic fertilizer(T_(3)),traditional chemical fertilizer reduction 15%plus commercial organic fertilizer(T_(4))and traditional chemical fertilizer reduction 30%plus commercial organic fertilizer(T_(5))by a randomized blocks design.The results showed that compared with CK,all fertilization treatments in 2 years could promote the growth of maize,significantly increase the dry matter accumulation of vegetative organs,and improve the agronomic efficiency and partial fertilizer productivity of maize yield.The order of influence on growth and yield was T_(3)>T_(4)>T_(5)>T_(2)>T_(1)>CK.Compared with T_(2),the plant height,spike height,leaf area index,accumulation of dry matter at different growth stages,yield,water use efficiency and agricultural efficiency of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium fertilizers of each organic fertilizer substitution treatment(T_(4) and T_(5))increased by 0.24%-3.12%,0.28%-3.27%,2.36%-8.91%,4.14%-24.40%,4.38%-11.20%,9.06%-13.20%,and 0.44%-24.80%,respectively.In conclusion,replacing partial chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer(T_(3),T_(4),and T_(5))could significantly improve maize growth and increase yield.The 30%reduction in fertilizer application(T_(5))will not adversely affect the yield of maize,and replacing partial chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer(T_(5))was a fertilizer saving and high efficient fertilization method for increasing water use efficiency,agronomic efficiency of fertilizer and nitrogen partial fertilizer productivity in the dry farming area.
作者
边金霞
王平
BIAN Jinxia;WANG Ping(Institute of Economic Crops and Malting Barley Material,Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou 730070,Gansu,China;Lanzhou Agricultural Science Technology Research and Extension Center,Lanzhou 730010,Gansu,China)
出处
《农学学报》
2024年第3期13-20,共8页
Journal of Agriculture
基金
兰州市科技局计划项目“寒旱区农作物高效栽培及农业节水技术研究与开发”(2020-ZD-142)
兰州市重点人才项目“寒旱区马铃薯新品种引进筛选及提质增效技术研究与应用”(2021-RC-87)
兰州市人才项目“饲用甜菜功能型全价饲料研发与中试示范”(2021-RC-77)。
关键词
旱作区
粮饲兼用玉米
化肥
有机肥
产量
水分利用效率
dry farming area
dual-purpose maize
chemical fertilizer
organic fertilizer
yield
water use efficiency
