摘要
围绕为何农地产权经“两权分离”后还需再造的议题,该研究从比较基于市场交易和无偿分配的两种“两权分离”形式入手,剖析了农地“三权分置”的本质、困境及优化路径,探讨了农地产权可能的终极形态。研究表明:①“两权分离”的形式决定了农地产权的变迁路径。通过对比城市土地产权和农地产权在“两权分离”形式上的差异,可以发现,基于市场机制的“两权分离”无须进一步的产权细分,而基于无偿分配的“两权分离”却需产权再造。因此,农地“两权分离”的症结不在于权利分离的架构,而在于权利分离的形式。②虽然“三权分置”能降低产权不稳定的危害,并使产权交易不再封闭,但是建立在土地流转基础上的“三权分置”面临流转合约不稳定和产权主体多重的治理难题,导致流转型土地经营权难以发展成物权性质的产权,并造成承包权与经营权间的分置不彻底。③短期或局部来看,农地“三权分置”的制度设计需要适应流转合约不稳定的阶段特征,应赋予流转型土地经营权有限权能。长期而言,可通过改变经营权流转的组织形式,或变换“三权分置”的产权交易形式,实现承包权与经营权彻底分置,促进土地经营权物权化。④如同基于无偿分配的“两权分离”只是农地产权的早期形态,“三权分置”也可能是农地产权在特定阶段的形式,农地产权最终可能演变为基于市场机制的“两权分离”。一种可能是通过土地承包权的市场化改革迂回到基于无偿分配的“两权分离”,另一种可能是基于市场机制直接从集体产权中实现所有权与经营权的分离。
Focusing on the issue of why agricultural land property rights need to be reconstructed after the‘separation of two rights’and built on the comparison of two forms of the‘separation of two rights,’i.e.,market transaction and free distribution,this paper analyzes the essence,dilemma,and optimization paths of the‘separation of three rights’of agricultural land and discusses the possible ultimate form of agricultural land property rights.The results show that:①The mode of‘separation of two rights’determines the transformation paths of land property rights.By comparing the differences concerning the mode of the‘separation of two rights’between urban land property rights and agricultural land property rights,the study finds that the‘separation of two rights’based on the market mechanism needs no further subdivision of property rights,while the‘separation of two rights’based on free distribution needs further construction of property rights.Therefore,the crux of the‘separation of two rights’of agricultural land is not the right structure,but the mode of rights separation.②Although the‘separation of three rights’helps to reduce the instability of property rights and solve the closure problem of property right transactions,the‘separation of three rights’based on land transfer is faced with the governance dilemmas of contract instability and multiplicity of the subjects of property rights,which makes it difficult for the land management rights to become property rights with the character of the real right,resulting in incomplete separation between contract rights and management rights.③Therefore,in the short term or considering locally,the institutional design of the‘separation of three rights’needs to adapt to the stage characteristics of an unstable circulation contract and endow transforming land management rights with limited functions.In the long run,complete separation of contracting rights and management rights can be achieved by changing the organization of managem
作者
汪险生
杨彦慧
李宁
郭忠兴
WANG Xiansheng;YANG Yanhui;LI Ning;GUO Zhongxing(School of Public Administration,Nanjing Audit University,Nanjing Jiangsu 211815,China;Food Security and Strategic Studies Center,Nanjing University of Finance and Economics,Nanjing Jiangsu 210003,China;School of Public Administration,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing Jiangsu 210095,China)
出处
《中国人口·资源与环境》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第2期178-188,共11页
China Population,Resources and Environment
基金
国家社会科学基金项目“土地延包中的农民承包权分配诉求及其响应机制研究”(批准号:22CGL029)。
关键词
三权分置
两权分离
土地经营权
土地承包权
separation of three rights
separation of two rights
land management rights
land contract rights
