摘要
国际上小额信贷扶贫面临着金融机构“寻租、财务不可持续、腐败”和借款人“利率高、过度负债”等问题,而中国2014年创新设计的扶贫小额信贷对“支持贫困群众发展生产发挥了重要作用,要继续坚持”。进入全面建成小康社会的新时期,扶贫小额信贷转为脱贫人口小额信贷,目标由“解决绝对贫困”转向“缓解相对贫困、推进共同富裕”。从理论上分析新时期小额信贷管理制度改革、服务方式创新对相对贫困的影响,发现:新时期小额信贷一方面通过管理制度改革化解现实困境,包括通过转变支持对象、规范贷款用途化解“过度需求”“借款者金融素养缺乏”等问题,通过改革贷款利率、放宽贷款金额限制化解“财务难以可持续”难题,增加信贷供给;另一方面通过服务方式数字化转型缓解“财务难以可持续”难题,提升服务质量,增加信贷供给,优化风险管理,进而缓解收入、机会、能力和主观维度的相对贫困。利用宁夏回族自治区盐池县小额信贷数据进行案例分析,发现:盐池县在落实新时期小额信贷相关政策的基础上,通过建立整村授信数据库、实施网格化管理和动态监测等创新举措,促使相对贫困群体“贷得到”“用得好”“还得上”小额信贷,显著缓解了相对贫困。因此,应继续坚持新时期小额信贷,改革优化管理制度,利用数字技术优化服务,推动其在支持相对贫困群体发展中继续发挥重要作用。
Internationally,microcredit for poverty alleviation faces the problems of rent-seeking,financial unsustainabili-ty,and corruption on the part of financial institutions and high interest rates,over-indebtedness on the part of borrowers.China in-novatively designed poverty-alleviation microcredit in 2014,which has played an important role in supporting the production of poor people and should continue to be adhered to.After entering the new era of building a moderately prosperous society in all aspects,poverty alleviation microcredit has been transformed into microcredit for people who have escaped poverty,facing the target change from solving absolute poverty to alleviating relative poverty and promoting common prosperity.The article theoretically analyzes the impact of the microcredit management system reform and the service mode innovation on relative poverty alleviation in the new era and then conducts a case study using the data in Yanchi County,Ningxia.Theoretically,microcredit in the new era,on the one hand,solves the dilemma through reforming management system,mainly through transforming the supported target,regulating the use of loans to solve the problem of excessive demand and lack of financial literacy,and through reforming the interest rate,rela-xing the loan restrictions to solve the difficulty of financial unsustainability.On the other hand,through the digital transformation of the service mode,it also mitigates the problem of financial unsustainability,improving service quality,strengthening credit supply,and optimizing risk management.Thus,the new era microcredit can successfully alleviate the relative poverty in terms of income in-equality,opportunity inequality,ability inequality,and subjective relatively deprivation.In practice,based on the implementation of new era microcredit,Yanchi County has promoted the relative poverty groups to get credit,use it well and repay microcredit through various innovative measures,such as establishing a whole-village credit database,implementing grid-based manag
作者
罗玲
吴本健
牛林漪
LUO Ling;WU Benjian;NIU Linyi
出处
《华南师范大学学报（社会科学版）》
北大核心
2024年第1期41-55,205,共16页
Journal of South China Normal University：Social Science Edition
基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目“新时期的小额信贷与相对贫困治理:理论反思、机制分析及路径优化”(72073151)
国家自然科学基金专项项目“数字经济转型对普惠金融体系的影响、机制与应对策略”(72341031)。
关键词
新时期
小额信贷
相对贫困治理
农村金融
microcredit in the new era
relative poverty governance
rural finance
