摘要
文章采用主客体关系范式,对40多年来中国旅游学术共同体的价值演变予以梳理,旨在为旅游学进一步繁荣提供一个反思性框架。基于文献分析,文章认为,在中国特色社会主义市场经济逐步推进的大背景下,随着中国旅游市场从入境市场“一元”向入境市场、国内市场和出境市场“三元”的连续发育,中国的旅游研究发生了3个面相上的转换,即从旅游资源到旅游市场再到生活质量的学科核心问题转移,从概念移植到理论引进再到本土化创新的学科技术拓展,从行业指向到学科内部指向再到社会指向的学科传播转向。面相转换隐含从“社会合法性”到“知识合法性”的逻辑进路,体现着旅游学科的自主性诉求,同时引起学术共同体的价值分化。与自主化相伴而来的内卷化和碎片化,滋生唯智主义偏见和学究谬误,加剧了旅游理论与实践之间的隔阂与冲突,有碍于旅游学的健康发展。为了创建一个有生命力的旅游学术共同体,借鉴布洛维的社会学类型分析框架,文章提出将旅游学区分为专业旅游学、政策旅游学、批判旅游学和公共旅游学4种有机联系的研究形态,其中,专业旅游学是一切旅游学的基础,其强盛需要其他旅游学的支撑,而发育批判旅游学是实现旅游学术共同体价值弥合的必由之路。
Under the guidance of the paradigm of the subject-object relationship,this paper provides a reflective framework for Chinese tourism by retrospecting and sorting out the value evolution of the domestic tourism academic community over the past 40 years.The extensive literature analysis demonstrates that the long-term development of the socialist market economy with Chinese characteristics reforms the Chinese tourism market from a“unitary style”(which is solely composed of inbound tourism market)to a“trinary style”(which is composed of inbound tourism market,domestic tourism market,and outbound tourism market).Such a reformation contributes to three fundamental transformations of research on domestic tourism.The key disciplinary focus evolves from tourism resources to the tourism market and then to the quality of life,the disciplinary technology expands from concept transplantation to theory introduction and then to localized innovation,and the disciplinary communication converts from industry orientation to internal orientation and then to social orientation.These fundamental transformations reveal a logical transition from“social legitimacy”to“knowledge legitimacy”,which not only reflects the pursuit of discipline independence of tourism,but also initiates the value differentiation within the academic community of tourism.The involution and fragmentation accompanied by discipline independence breeds intellectualist bias and scholastic fallacy,which intensifies the conflict between tourism theory and practice,and thus hinders the healthy development of tourism.With reference to the analytical framework of the sociological typology of Burawoy,this paper suggests dividing tourism sciences into four inter-connected sub-disciplines:professional tourism,policy tourism,critical tourism,and public tourism.Such a division is likely to maintain a living tourism academic community.Among them,professional tourism is the foundation of all tourism studies whose development requires the support of other tourism
作者
马波
MA Bo(School of Tourism and Geography Science,Qingdao University,Qingdao 266071,China)
出处
《旅游学刊》
北大核心
2024年第2期20-30,共11页
Tourism Tribune
基金
国家社会科学基金项目“乡村振兴中旅游经营组织转型升级研究”(18BJY194)
山东省本科教学改革研究项目“面向新文科服务新动能旅游管理类国家级一流专业建设的探索与实践”(Z2021160)共同资助。
关键词
旅游学术共同体
价值转换
自主性
知识合法性
批判旅游学
tourism academic community
value transformation
autonomy
legitimacy of knowledge
critical tourism
