摘要
【目的】研究穗分化末期至灌浆初期土壤干旱对优质食味粳稻根系形态生理与叶片光合特性的影响,为水稻抗旱栽培提供理论参考。【方法】以南粳9108和丰粳1606为供试材料,分别在穗分化末期至籽粒灌浆初期20 d(BAH)、穗分化末期10 d(BH)与灌浆初期10 d(AH)设置轻度干旱(LD,ψsoil=−20±5 kPa)、重度干旱(SD,ψsoil=−40±5 kPa)及常规水分(CK)处理。【结果】1)在处理结束当天、处理结束后10 d、穗后30 d与成熟期,根长、根表面积、根体积、根尖数、根干质量与根系活力均表现为SD<LD<CK,根冠比呈相反趋势。在处理结束时,BAH时段SD、LD均与CK差异显著,除根冠比外,BH、AH时段SD与CK差异显著,LD与CK无显著差异。处理结束后10 d、穗后30 d与成熟期,BAH时期SD与CK差异显著,除根尖数外LD与CK差异不显著,BH时期SD根系部分指标与CK差异显著,AH时期水分处理间无显著差异。2)在处理结束时、处理结束后10 d、穗后30 d与成熟期,剑叶净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO_(2)浓度(Ci)、最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、光化学猝灭系数(qp)均表现为SD<LD<CK,非光化学猝灭系数(NPQ)呈相反趋势。在处理结束时,BAH时段SD、LD各指标均与CK差异显著,除Ci外SD、LD间差异也显著,BH、AH时段SD各指标均与CK差异显著,LD与CK差异不显著。在处理结束后10 d、穗后30 d与成熟期,BAH时段SD与CK差异显著,LD与CK差异多不显著,BH时段SD的Pn、Tr、Fv/Fm较CK差异显著,而AH时段各指标在水分处理间差异多数不显著。3)三处理时段下各胁迫处理间产量均表现为SD<LD<CK,BAH、BH时段不同水分处理间差异显著,AH时段LD、CK间无显著差异,但二者均与SD差异显著。【结论】BAH时期轻度干旱、重度干旱均会抑制根系生长与叶片光合能力,显著降低产量,其中轻度干旱影响较小。BH时期土壤重度干旱时,根、叶形态生理指标在处理结束后难以恢复
【Objective】The study aims to investigate the impact of soil drought from the late stage of panicle differentiation to the early stage of grain filling,on root morphology,physiology,and leaf photosynthetic characteristics of high-quality japonica rice.This research provides a theoretical foundation for drought-resistant cultivation.【Method】Nanjing 9108 and Fengjing 1606 were chosen as test materials.Two soil drought treatments were implemented:light drought(LD,soil water potential at−20±5 kPa)and severe drought(SD,soil water potential at−40±5 kPa).These treatments were applied for 20 days,spanning from the late stage of panicle differentiation to the early stage of grain filling(BAH,10 days before&10 days after heading),10 days during the late stage of panicle differentiation(BH,10 days before heading),and 10 days during the early stage of grain filling(AH,10 days after heading).A well-watered treatment was used as the control(CK).【Result】1)Root length,root surface area,root volume,root tip number,root dry weight,and root activity for treatments within BAH,BH,AH followed a trend of SD<LD<CK at the end of drought stresses,10 days after the end of drought stresses,30 days after heading,and maturity.However,the root-shoot ratio exhibited the opposite trend.At the end of drought stresses,root indicators for SD and LD treatments within BAH significantly differed from CK,while root indicators for SD within BH and AH significantly differed from CK,except for the root-shoot ratio.Root indicators for LD treatments within BH and AH were not significantly different from CK.At the three stages after the end of drought stresses,root indicators for SD within BAH significantly differed from CK,and LD treatments were not significantly different except for root tip number.Root surface area,root volume,root tip number,and root dry weight for SD treatments within BH significantly differed from CK,while no significant differences were observed among the three water treatments within AH.2)Net photosynthetic rate(Pn),
作者
景秀
周苗
王晶
王岩
王旺
王开
郭保卫
胡雅杰
邢志鹏
许轲
张洪程
JING Xiu;ZHOU Miao;WANG Jing;WANG Yan;WANG Wang;WANG Kai;GUO Baowei;HU Yajie;XING Zhipeng;XU Ke;ZHANG Hongcheng(Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Rice Industry Engineering Technology Research Institute,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225009,China;Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Danyang City,Jiangsu Province,Danyang 212300,China)
出处
《中国水稻科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第1期33-47,共15页
Chinese Journal of Rice Science
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(32272200)
江苏省重点研发计划资助项目(BE2022338)江苏现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(JATS2023485)
镇江市“金山英才计划”产业强市领军人才引进计划资助项目。
关键词
穗分化末期至灌浆初期
优质食味粳稻
干旱胁迫
根系形态生理
光合特性
叶绿素荧光
late stage of panicle differentiation and early stage of grain filling
high-quality japonica rice
drought stress
root morphology and physiology
photosynthetic characteristics
chlorophyll fluorescence
