摘要
“共犯的正犯化”以对正犯与共犯采取区分制为前提,帮助行为成立犯罪若不以正犯的存在为前提,则是共犯的正犯化,但帮助信息网络犯罪活动罪因以正犯的存在为前提,故不可能是共犯的正犯化。行为的危害性大、能被独立定罪,以及刑法对帮助信息网络犯罪活动罪规定了独立罪状与法定刑等,都不是共犯正犯化的根据;司法解释的相关规定也并非共犯正犯化的法律依据。以帮助信息网络犯罪活动罪论处的案件之所以多,主要是因为司法机关误解共犯的成立条件、错误适用从旧兼从轻原则、未运用想象竞合原理,以及为了减轻对正犯的证明责任,导致将大量诈骗等罪的共犯认定为帮助信息网络犯罪活动罪。只有在抽象的认识错误、正犯的犯罪性质未能查明等场合,才可能对相关帮助行为以帮助信息网络犯罪活动罪论处;在所谓“一对多”的场合,若各被帮助者的行为没有达到罪量要求,则帮助者的行为也不成立帮助信息网络犯罪活动罪。从立法论上说,废除帮助信息网络犯罪活动罪或许是良策。
"Treating accomplice as principal offender"is premised on the system that distinguishes principal offender from accomplice.If the conduct of aiding can establish a crime that is not premised on the existence of principal offender,it is treating accomplice as principal offender,but the crime of aiding information network criminal activities is premised on the existence of principal offender,thus it cannot be treating accomplice as principal offender.As to the opinions that the harmfulness of aiding conduct is so big that such conduct can be convicted independently,or the criminal law stipulates an independent crime and punishment for aiding conduct etc.,they are all not the grounds for treating accomplice as principal offender.Also,relevant provisions of judicial interpretation are not the legal basis for treating accomplice as principal offender.Much more cases are punished with the crime of aiding information network criminal activities,mainly because the judicial organs misunderstand conditions of the establishment of accomplice,the principle of application of the old law with the exception of a less punishment in the new law,the doctrine of imaginative joinder of offenses,or in order to reduce the burden of proof for the principal offender,resulting in a large number of accomplices of the crime of fraud and other crimes to be identified as aiding information network criminal activities.Only when the conduct falls in the category of the error of cognition and the nature of the conduct of principal offender cannot be ascertained,can relevant aiding conduct be punished as the crime of aiding information network criminal activities.In the so-called"one-help-many"occasions,if the conduct of each helped person does not meet the criminal and punishment requirements,the conduct of the aiding person is not established as a crime of aiding information network criminal activities either.From the legislative point of view,abolishing the crime of aiding information network criminal activities may be a better choice.
出处
《法商研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2024年第1期21-41,共21页
Studies in Law and Business
关键词
帮助信息网络犯罪活动罪
共犯的正犯化
诈骗罪
共犯
crime of aiding information network criminal activities
treating accomplice as principal offender
crime of fraud
joint offenders
