摘要
恶意民事诉讼是指当事人没有诉权或者超出合法诉权范围,故意提起民事诉讼,意图实现侵害对方当事人或者第三人民事权益非法目的的一般侵权行为,包括恶意诉讼、滥用诉权和虚假诉讼三种类型。恶意民事诉讼是一般侵权行为,在《民法典》侵权责任编不必作特别规定,直接适用《民法典》第1165条第1款规定的侵权行为一般条款即可。《民事案件案由规定》“侵权责任纠纷”项下的第三级案由和第四级案由没有规定“恶意民事诉讼责任纠纷”案由,可以直接适用第二级案由即“侵权责任纠纷”确定案由。恶意民事诉讼侵权责任构成应当依照《民法典》第1165条第1款规定并结合恶意民事诉讼的特点认定,损害赔偿责任应当依照《民法典》第1184条、第1182条和第1183条第1款等规定的方法确定。
Malicious civil litigation refers to the general tort,of which the party,lack of the right to sue or exceeding the scope of the legitimate right of action,intentionally files a civil lawsuit,with the purpose of realizing the infringement of the rights and interests of the other party or the third party,including three types of malicious litigation,abuse of the right to sue and false litigation.As a general tort,malicious civil litigation need not to be specifically regulated in the Tort Liability Section of the Civil Code,rather directly applied to the general provisions on torts stipulated in Article 1165(1)of the Civil Code.And as the third and fourth level cases under"Tort Liability Disputes"in the Provisions on the Causes of Civil Cases do not provide for the cause of"Malicious Civil Litigation Liability Disputes",the second level case,i.e.,"Tort Liability Disputes",can be directly applied to determine the cause of action.The second level of cases,i.e.,"tort liability disputes",can be applied directly to determine the cause of action.Tort liability for malicious civil litigation shall be determined in accordance with Article 1165(1)of the Civil Code and in light of the characteristics of malicious civil litigation,and liability for damages shall be determined in accordance with the methods stipulated in Article 1184,Article 1182 and Article 1183(1)of the Civil Code,among others.
出处
《上海政法学院学报（法治论丛）》
2024年第1期32-52,共21页
Journal of Shanghai University of Political Science & Law(The Rule of Law Forum)
基金
2021年度北京市社会科学研究基金重点研究项目“民法典实施中的疑难问题研究”的阶段性研究成果,项目编号:21FXA004。
