摘要
目的:对影响巩立姣成绩和技术的关键因素进行研究。方法:选取巩立姣在第32届夏季奥运会备战周期内的重要比赛中的32次19.20 m以上试投,采用运动生物力学测试法、生物力学解析法对投掷技术影响因素与成绩进行相关性分析研究。结果:巩立姣投掷技术的主要影响因素为滑步距离、用力时间、滑步结束后右着地角、两大腿摆动的最大角度、滑步过程中左膝速度、用力距离、器械出手瞬间垂直速度、出手角度、过渡阶段身体重心位移距离、两脚着地距离和过渡时间。结论:第32届夏季奥运会备战周期内,巩立姣投掷技术存在滑步距离过短、过渡阶段身体重心前移幅度大、用力阶段上肢加速时机偏早、器械出手瞬间在垂直和水平方向的速度分配比例不理想等问题。经过针对性的训练及技术改进完善,巩立姣投掷技术已发生较大改变,并逐渐趋于合理。2024年巴黎奥运会备战周期内巩立姣投掷技术的改进方向建议为:稳定滑步距离和提高滑步速度,减小身体上下起伏的程度;控制过渡阶段身体重心向前移动幅度,加快左脚着地速度;用力阶段延迟上肢,特别是右肩和投掷臂对器械加速时机,提高在垂直方向的用力效果,减小水平方向用力幅度,适当增加器械出手角度,提高身体“鞭打”用力的效果;研究巩立姣投掷技术在2017—2022年的技术改进和变化过程,形成符合其自身特点的个性化技术特征,进一步提高运动成绩。
Objective:The research on the key factors affecting Gong Lijiao’s performance and throwing techniques.Methods:In the important competitions during the preparation period of the 32nd Summer Olympic Games,32 attempts of Gong Lijiao over 19.20 m were selected,and the correlation between the factors affecting throwing technique and performance was analyzed by using the methods of sports biomechanical test and biomechanical analysis.Results:The main influencing factors of Gong Lijiao’s throwing technique are sliding distance,exertion time,landing angle of right foot after the end of sliding stage,maximum angle of thighs swing,speed of left knee during sliding,exertion distance,vertical speed of instrument shot,hand-out angle,distance of body’s center of gravity in transition stage,landing distance between feet,and transition time.Conclusions:During the preparation period of the 32nd Summer Olympic Games,Gong Lijiao’s throwing technique had some problems,such as the short sliding distance,the large forward movement of the body’s center of gravity in the transition stage,the early acceleration of the upper limbs in the exertion stage,and unsatisfactory speed distribution ratio between vertical and horizontal direction of the instrument.After the targeted training and improvement of throwing techniques,Gong Lijiao’s throwing technique has changed greatly and gradually become more reasonable.The suggestions for the improvement of Gong Lijiao’s throwing techniques during the preparation period of the Paris 2024 Summer Olympics are as follows:Stabilizing the sliding distance,increasing the sliding speed,and reducing the degree of body movement up and down;control the forward movement range of the body’s center of gravity during the transition stage,and speed up the landing speed of the left foot;delay the acceleration time of the upper limb,especially the right shoulder and the throwing arm to the instrument during the exertion stage,improve the force effect in the vertical direction,reduce the force amplitu
作者
巩立姣
董海军
张建
丁晨光
郝勇霞
丛玉珍
GONG Lijiao;DONG Haijun;ZHANG Jian;DING Chenguang;HAO Yongxia;CONG Yuzhen(Hebei Province Sports Bureau,Shijiazhuang 050011,China;Hebei Sport University,Shijiazhuang 050041,China;Hebei University of Chinese Medicine,Shijiazhuang 050200,China;Chinese Athletics Association,Beijing 100763,China)
出处
《中国体育科技》
北大核心
2023年第11期14-23,共10页
China Sport Science and Technology
基金
国家体育总局科技创新项目(2022KJCX065)
国家体育总局科技服务项目(2021TJ01005)
中国田径协会科技服务项目(TJBZFW-20230303)。
关键词
奥运会
女子铅球
投掷技术
影响因素
Olympic Games
women’s shot put
throwing technique
influencing factors
