摘要
国家创新体系是各创新主体、环节、要素在创新环境中相互影响、彼此互动所形成的系统网络。这一系统的效能决定了国家创新能力水平,更直接影响了一国在国际经济发展领域竞争优势的构建,因而在我国现代化建设中占据重要地位。从概念由来看,国家创新体系的概念建立在李斯特“国家体系”和熊彼特“创新理论”的基础上,由英国经济学家克里斯托弗·弗里曼正式提出,其内涵随着实践的发展不断深化和丰富。新中国成立以来,中国共产党在实践中开辟了中国特色国家创新体系建设的崭新道路。从历史演进来看,主要分为1949-1977年政府主导型科技创新体系阶段、1978-1997年中国特色国家创新体系开始萌芽阶段、1998-2011年中国特色国家创新体系探索起步阶段、2012-2020年中国特色国家创新体系基本建成阶段、2020年以来中国特色国家创新体系完善发展阶段等五个阶段。中国特色国家创新体系建设具有政府与市场相互补充,共同发挥作用,是以人民为中心而非以资本为中心,以及在中国共产党领导下有步骤、按计划循序渐进完成等诸多显著特征。从实践路径来看,要准确把握国家创新体系中政府和市场的关系,从而实现创新资源的高效配置;要加强知识创新、技术创新和产业创新三个创新环节间的互动耦合;要充分激发各级组织、机构、企业、人才的创新活力,构建开放高效的创新环境。
The national innovation system is a system network formed by the mutual influence and interaction of various innovation subjects,stages and elements in the innovation environment.The effectiveness of this system determines the level of national innovation capability and directly affects the construction of a country’s competitive advantage in the field of international economic development,thus occupying an important position in China’s modernization construction.From the perspective of concept origin,the concept of national innovation system was formally put forward by British economist Christopher Freeman on the basis of Liszt’s“National System”and Schumpeter’s“Innovation Theory”.The connotation of this concept has been deepened and enriched with the development of practice.Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China,the Communist Party of China has opened up a new road to the construction of a national innovation system with Chinese characteristics in practice.From the perspective of historical evolution,it can be mainly divided into the government led scientific and technological innovation system stage from 1949 to 1977,the embryonic stage of the national innovation system with Chinese characteristics from 1978 to 1997,the initial stage of the exploration of the national innovation system with Chinese characteristics from 1998 to 2011,the basic completion stage of the national innovation system with Chinese characteristics from 2012 to 2020 and the improvement and development stage of the national innovation system with Chinese characteristics since 2020.The construction of a national innovation system with Chinese characteristics has many remarkable features,such as the government and the market complement each other and work together,people centered rather than capital centered,and the construction is completed step by step and according to plan under the leadership of the CPC.From the perspective of practical path,firstly,it is necessary to accurately grasp the relationship betw
作者
陈海若
CHEN Hairuo(School of Marxism,Renmin University of China,Beijng 100872,China)
出处
《西安财经大学学报》
CSSCI
2024年第1期84-93,共10页
Journal of Xi’an University of Finance and Economics
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国式现代化的理论内涵与实现路径研究”(22ZD012)
吉林财经大学全国中国特色社会主义政治经济学研究中心校外青年项目“习近平关于共同富裕重要论述的原创性贡献研究”(2022 WQN011)。
关键词
国家创新体系
中国特色国家创新体系
创新驱动发展
national innovation system
national innovation system with Chinese characteristics
innovation-driven development
