摘要
中国已经进入轻罪时代,但“刑罚体量轻而附随后果苛重”的倒挂现象阻碍着轻罪治理体系的构建。犯罪附随后果由规范性附随后果和非规范性附随后果组成。目前,犯罪附随后果在功能上已然演变为对刑满释放人员的惩罚,造成这一异化现象的原因是犯罪附随后果载体庞大复杂、与所犯之罪缺乏实质关联以及失信惩戒被滥用。因此,单凭仅针对规范性附随后果的前科消灭无法解决成因复杂、载体多样的犯罪附随后果,况且不利法律地位的消灭并不等于权利和名誉复归至圆满状态;对此,还需要构建复权制度与前科消灭一同化解规范性评价。至于非规范性评价,应当从根源上杜绝犯罪记录在社会层面的传播,具体对策为扩大犯罪记录封存制度,以及引入“社会保证人机制”恢复刑满释放人员的社会信用。
China has entered the era of misdemeanors,but the inverse phenomenon of“light punishment and severe consequences”hinders the construction of misdemeanor management system.The collateral consequences of a crime consist of normative and non-normative consequences.At present,the incidental consequences of crime have functionally evolved into punishment for those released after serving their sentences,and the causes of this alienation phenomenon are the large and complex carrier of criminal collateral consequences,the lack of substantive connection with the crime committed,and the abuse of punishment for breach of trust.Therefore,the elimination of criminal collateral consequences with complex causes and diverse vectors cannot be solved by eliminating the previous convictions of normative collateral effects alone,and the elimination of unfavorable legal status is not the same as the restoration of rights and reputations to a satisfactory state;In this regard,it is also necessary to build a reinstatement system and eliminate previous convictions to resolve normative evaluation.As for non-normative evaluations,the dissemination of criminal records at the social level should be eliminated at the root,with specific countermeasures such as expanding the system for sealing criminal records and introducing a“social guarantor mechanism”to restore the social credit of those released after serving their sentences.
出处
《法学杂志》
北大核心
2023年第6期153-172,共20页
Law Science Magazine
基金
江苏省法学会2023年度重点课题“中国特色的轻罪治理体系研究”(项目编号:SFH2023A07)的阶段性研究成果。
关键词
前科消灭
犯罪记录
记录封存
轻罪体系
社会信用
ex-conviction elimination
criminal record
record sealing
misdemeanor system
social credit
