摘要
在完成划分情节类型和编制索引之后,如何推进形态研究,是当前民间故事领域的困局。本文重新思考情节类型这一概念的逻辑前提,设置几种基础性概念工具,兼及情节、功能两个层面,对故事之间的相似、重复与关联进行度量。在归纳民间故事情节类型的诸种方案之中,刘魁立“以情节基干为中心”的方法是具有规范操作性的尝试。这一方法是基于文本形态的平行比较,然而比较的前提则未被明确指出:一种情节类型的结构对应于一个核心序列。情节基干应是一个自足的故事,它不仅是所有文本在情节层的共有情节,而且在功能层的对应结构必须是一个核心序列或多个核心序列的衔接,呈现出完整的叙述逻辑。由若干故事文本叠加而成的生命树,其重合部分含以下三种情况:第一,重合部分只应用相同的情节链,它的结构不足以构成一个完整的核心序列,则所有文本并无共享的情节基干,自然也不属于同一情节类型;第二,重合部分不仅表现为相同的情节链,而且其在功能层的结构对应于一个完整的核心序列,多则文本在该情节基干上的段落可被视为同一情节类型;第三,重合部分在功能层对应于多个核心序列,则情节基干可能是同一情节类型的重复应用,或多个不同情节类型的衔接。用以区分情节类型的情节基干等参数取决于故事材料样本,一旦样本变化,须重新提取情节基干,已有的分类体系可能被推翻,情节类型会随着样本的更新不断移动叙事重心。以有限样本归纳的情节类型并非一成不变,而是开放、无本质的。
After the classification of plot types and preparing index,how to promote the morphological research is a dilemma in the field of folk stories.In this paper,the author reviews the logical premise of the concept of plot type,and set up several basic conceptual tools,including two levels of plot and function,to measure the similarity,repetition and correlation between stories.Among the various schemes of summarizing folk plot types,Liu Kuili's method of"taking plot basic line as the center"is an attempt with normative operation.This method is based on a parallel comparison of text forms,but the premise of the comparison is not specified:the structure of a plot type corresponds to a core sequence.The plot basic line should be a self-sufficient story,which is not only the common plot of all texts in the plot level,but the corresponding structure in the functional level must be the cohesion of a core sequence or multiple core sequences,presenting a complete narrative logic.The plots from different folktales repeat in three ways.Firstly,the coincidence part only applies the same plot chain,its structure is not sufficient to constitute a complete core sequence,then all texts have no shared plot basic line,thus naturally not belonging to the same plot type.Secondly,the coincidence part is not only the same plot chain,but also its structure in the functional layer corresponding to a complete core sequence,and the text of many paragraphs on the plot basic line can be regarded as the same plot type.Thirdly,the coincidence part corresponds to multiple core sequences in the functional level,so the plot basic line may be the repeated application of the same plot type,or the cohesion of multiple different plot types.The parameters such as the plot basic line to distinguish the plot type depends on the story material sample.Once the sample changes,the plot basic line must be extracted again.The existing classification system may be overturned,and the plot type will constantly move the narrative focus with the update of the sampl
作者
王尧
WANG Yao(Institute of Ethnic Literature,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100732)
出处
《中央民族大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
北大核心
2023年第6期100-109,共10页
Journal of Minzu University of China(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)
基金
国家社会科学基金一般项目“新中国70年少数民族民间文学学术史研究”(项目编号:20BZW190)的阶段性成果。
