摘要
新中国成立以来,中国美学界对于“自然的人化”这一命题的阐释要么是将自然当作人的认识表象,要么是将自然当作人的实践对象,然后根据对“自然”的理论定位讨论所谓的“人化”。由于这些阐释都受限于“主客二分”的理论立场和“人类中心主义”的理论视野,“自然的人化”这一命题与马克思的初始表述“人化的自然界”不尽相合。在根源意义上,对“自然的人化”的论证可以被看作一种“美学丑闻”。从现象学的视野出发,该命题所面临的上述疑难都能通过海德格尔的思想得到一定程度的解决,海德格尔的自然观对于理解马克思在“巴黎手稿”中所论述的人与自然之关系也有所裨益。此外,基于海德格尔在《存在与时间》和《艺术作品的本源》中对“自然”的追问,马克思的表述“人化的自然界”及其相关命题比如“自然的人化”和“人的本质力量的对象化”都能得到现象学上的阐释。
Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China,the interpretation of the proposition of“humanization of nature”in Chinese aesthetics either takes nature as the cognitive representation of man or the practical object of man,and then discusses the so⁃called“humanization”based on the theoretical positioning of“nature”.Because these previous interpretations are constrained by the theoretical position of“subject⁃object dichotomy”and the theoretical perspective of“anthropocentrism”,the proposition of“humanization of nature”appears somewhat incongruent with Marx’s initial formulation of“humanized nature”.In a fundamental sense,the argument for the“humanization of nature”can be considered an“aesthetic scandal”.From a phenomenological perspective,the aforementioned issues faced by this proposition can be to some extent resolved through Heidegger’s philosophy.Heidegger’s view of nature is also beneficial for understanding Marx’s discussion of the relationship between man and nature in Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844.Furthermore,based on Heidegger’s inquiries into“nature”in Being and Time and The Origin of the Work of Art,Marx’s statement of the“humanized nature”and related propositions such as“humanization of nature”and“the objectification of human essential powers”can be phenomenologically interpreted.
作者
涂念祖
TU Nianzu(Department of Philosophy,University of Vienna)
出处
《南京林业大学学报(人文社会科学版)》
2023年第5期76-88,共13页
Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Humanities and Social Sciences Edition)
基金
国家留学基金“国家建设高水平大学公派研究生项目”(留金选[2023]28号)。
关键词
自然
人化
现象学
马克思
海德格尔
nature
humanization
phenomenology
Marx
Heidegger
