摘要
1978年中国改革开放以来,深圳等珠三角地区外向型经济的快速发展,为其跃进式的城市化进程奠定了基础,从而也吸引了数以千万计的农民工前来就业,导致20世纪80年代“民工潮”的出现。农民工生存状况随之引起社会各界的广泛关注,“打工文学”正是以文学的方式对此作出的一种确凿回应。正如短篇小说《深夜,海边有一个人》等作品所揭示的,“打工文学”通过讲述离乡打工者的故事,呈现进城打工生活的挣扎和希望,创造了一个独特而普遍的表象世界,昭显了现代人流徙、离散的命运。进入20世纪90年代后期,在“打工小说”逐渐衰落的同时,“打工诗歌”开始崛起,其主题惊人地一致,那就是陈述打工生活的苦难,成为“底层人的歌唱”。农民工等社会问题在20世纪八九十年代的产生,有着深刻的国际和国内背景,它在某种意义上是中国日益嵌入全球经济体系的结果。作为既嵌入又疏离于全球一体化进程的“去组织化”的个体,打工者其实对应了在当代中国个人与世界关系的重构,而由其心理、情感和生活情境构织而成的“苦难叙事”及文学表现,则是在传统与现代、农村与城市、理性与情感的张力之间流离漂浮、摇摆挣扎的无根个人时代到来的一个预言和表征。
Since the Reform and Opening-up in 1978 in China,the fast development of export-oriented economy in the Pearl River Delta region such as Shenzhen laid the foundation for a leapfrog urbanization process and attracted tens of millions of migrant workers,leading to the emergence of“the tide of migrant workers”in the 1980s.Naturally,the living conditions of these workers aroused wide concern of the whole society and“migrant literature”is exactly a definite literary response.As revealed in works such as the short story Late at Night,There’s a Man by the Sea,“Migrant literature”tells the stories of migrant workers,presenting their struggles and hopes of working in cities,creating a unique and universal visual world,and showing the modern people’s migratory and discrete fate.In the late 1990s,while“migrant novels”gradually declined,“migrant poetry”began to rise with an astonishingly consistent theme,stating the hardship of working life and being the“singing of the bottom class”.The emergence of social issues such as migrant workers in the 1980s and 1990s had profound international and domestic backgrounds,in a sense a result of China’s increasing integration into the global economic system.As“DE-organized”individuals who are both embedded in and detached from the process of global integration,migrant workers actually correspond to the reconstruction of the relationship between individuals and the world in contemporary China.And the“narrative of suffering”and literary expression constructed by their psychology,emotions,and life situations are a prophecy as well as representation of the arrival of an era of rootless individuals who drift and struggle between traditional and modern,rural and urban,and rational and emotional tensions.
出处
《深圳社会科学》
2023年第6期136-147,共12页
Social Sciences in Shenzhen
基金
广东省社会科学研究基地、深圳市人文社会科学重点研究基地、深圳职业技术大学深圳文学研究中心课题。
关键词
改革开放
深圳
农民工
打工文学
去组织化
苦难叙事
Reform and Opening-up
Shenzhen
migrant workers
migrant literature
de-organize
narrative of suffering
