摘要
在存量更新背景下,探索适应城市发展需求的容积率弹性控制技术方法具有较强的现实意义。城市持续更新发展过程中对一定范围内的用地空间开发权进行适度动态调整,可促进城市开发和空间功能更好地适应城市发展的需要,但容积率弹性控制要避免过度市场化的导向。作为城市有机更新的代表,日本东京在优先保障公共利益的条件下,探索出优化更新开发成本收益分配的城市更新制度和容积率弹性控制技术。本文从制度逻辑、技术流程、核算方法、规划实践四个方面展开全面综合的分析,归纳总结东京容积率弹性控制的四个创新点:(1)充分认识开发权动态调控对城市更新的重要作用,在坚持公共利益导向的前提下,通过完善的制度设计为城市更新导入持续的内生动力,避免了过度市场化的弊端;(2)全面考虑城市更新政策应用场景的多元化和差异化,主要针对空间增长型、空间限制型和空间保护型三类场景进行容积率弹性控制,并具体设置了差异化的技术标准和核算方法;(3)建立以建筑空间功能使用管控为基础的精细化治理机制,引导适宜功能及其空间容量在建筑尺度上的流转分配;(4)制定严密的公共利益贡献量化评估测算方法,为精准界定政府与市场的关系和边界提供了科学支撑。以上创新点可为我国构建可持续城市更新实施模式提供有益的经验借鉴。
In the context of urban regeneration,it is of strong practical significance to explore the technical method of flexible regulation of floor-area ratio(FAR).The development rights of land space within a certain range can be moderately and dynamically adjusted to promote urban development and spatial functions in the process of continuous urban regeneration.However,FAR flexible regulation should avoid excessive market orientation.Tokyo,Japan,as a model city of urban organic regeneration,has explored an urban system and FAR flexible regulation technique to optimize the distribution of costs and benefits under the condition of prioritizing the protection of public interests.This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of Tokyo’s FAR flexible regulation from four aspects;institutional logic,technical process,accounting method,and planning practice.It summarizes four innovative points;(1)fully understanding the vital role of dynamic regulation of development rights for urban regeneration,and,on the premise of adhering to public interest orientation,introducing sustainable endogenous impetus for urban regeneration through perfect institutional design,and avoiding the drawbacks of excessive marketization;(2)comprehensively considering the diversification and differentiation of urban regeneration scenarios,mainly focusing on three types of scenarios;spatial growth,spatial restriction and spatial protection,and setting up differentiated technical standards and evaluating methods;(3)establishing a refined governance mechanism based on the functional use of building space,and guiding the application of FAR flexible regulation for appropriate functions;(4)developing a rigorous evaluating method for quantitative assessment of public interest contribution,which provides a precise definition of the relationship and boundary between the government and the market.The above innovations can provide scientific support for the construction of sustainable urban regulation implementation model in China.
作者
卓健
周广坤
Zhuo Jian;Zhou Guangkun
出处
《国际城市规划》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第5期123-135,共13页
Urban Planning International
基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目(52178051)
住房和城乡建设部科学技术计划项目(2021-H-002)
上海同济城市规划设计研究院暨长三角城市群智能规划协同创新中心科研项目(KY-2020-YB-A05)
国家社科基金艺术学重大项目(21ZD25)
国家社科基金艺术学青年项目(23CH203)。
关键词
城市更新
容积率弹性控制
开发权转移
公共贡献
核算方法
制度建构
Urban Regeneration
FAR Flexible Regulation
Development Rights Transfer
Public Contribution
Evaluating Method
Mechanism Construction
