摘要
脑机接口(BCI)是实现将神经活动(思维)转换为获取信号并操作外部设备的通信技术,其应用于医疗、制造、军事司法等领域。存在主义哲学家海德格尔以现象学方法对技术的“解蔽”本质做了不同于传统西方实体论的描述,其生存论渗透着伦理思考。基于存在主义反思BCI技术的伦理难题,可从技术“集置”—机脑不兼容的生理危机,文化“开裂”—新兴术语的模糊性与现存道德规范的错位,认知“祛魅”—身体完整性的肢解与自我身份感的淡化,社会“急难”—知情隐私权与责任主体的缺失四个维度入手,并相应地从向死而在的理性审度、自主决断的知情权、完善民意共谋与网络化机制等方面提出前瞻性出路,以促进脑机接口的良性有序发展。
Brain-computer interface(BCI)is a communication technology that transforms neural activities(thinking)into acquiring signals and operating external devices,and it is applied to medicine,military and other fields.Heidegger,an existentialist philosopher,describes the essence of technology as uncovering by phenomenology,which is different from the traditional western entity model.To reflect on the ethical problems of BCI technology based on existentialism,we can start from four dimensions:technology Gestell-the physiological crisis of incompatibility between computer and brain;cultural cracking-the ambiguity of emerging terms and the dislocation of existing moral norms;cognitive disenchantment-the dismemberment of physical integrity and the dilution of sense of self-identity;and social emergency-the lack of informed privacy rights and the subject of responsibility.In order to promote the benign and orderly development of brain-computer interface,I propose a forward-looking way out from the aspects of rational judgment towards death,the right to know of independent decision,and improving public opinion collusion and network mechanism.
作者
陆慧
王志佳
LU Hui;WANG Zhi-jia(School of Philosophy,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872;Party School of the CPC Shenyang Municipal Committee,Shenyang 110036,China)
出处
《自然辩证法研究》
北大核心
2023年第8期69-75,共7页
Studies in Dialectics of Nature
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目“自然辩证法中国化及当代创新研究”(20&ZD043)。
关键词
存在主义
脑机接口
集置
解蔽
审度
existentialism
brain-computer interface
Gestell
uncovering
reconsideration
