摘要
目的了解2014—2022年重庆市长寿区蔬菜水果农药残留情况,为当地果蔬食品安全管理提供参考依据。方法2014—2022年选择重庆市长寿区10个街镇中12个农贸市场和11家超市,随机采集时令蔬菜水果393份。利用气相色谱仪检测杀菌剂、有机磷、拟除虫菊酯、氨基甲酸酯类农药残留的45项指标。计数资料采用率或百分比表示,使用χ2检验进行组间率的比较,检验水准α=0.05。结果2014—2022年重庆市长寿区393份蔬菜水果中121份检出农药残留,检出率为30.78%(121/393),6份农残超标,超标率为1.53%(6/393)。66份样品同时检出有2种或以上农药,占农残检出样品的54.55%(66/121),占总样品的16.79%(66/393)。杀虫剂和杀菌剂农残检出率由高到低依次为杀菌剂>拟除虫菊酯类>氨基甲酸酯类>有机磷杀虫剂(χ2=105.975,P<0.001)。氧化乐果、毒死蜱、三唑磷、克百威检出农残超标。蔬菜农残检出率由高到低依次为茄果类>叶菜和根茎薯芋类>瓜菜类>鳞茎和豆类(χ2=14.651,P=0.002)。水果中无农残超标情况。蔬菜农残超标中叶菜类有4份超标,包括菠菜1份(克百威)、木耳菜1份(毒死蜱)、韭菜2份(氧化乐果),超标率为7.69%(4/52)。茄果类有2份超标,包括辣椒2份(克百威、三唑磷),超标率为1.06%(2/189)。结论重庆市长寿区水果质量安全较好。部分蔬菜出现农残超标,且有禁用农药检出,茄果类和叶菜类蔬菜易被农药污染。相关部门还需加强对农药生产、销售、使用环节的监管。
Objective To understand the pesticide residues of fruits and vegetables in Changshou District of Chongqing from 2014 to 2022,and to provide reference for the safety management of fruits and vegetables in this region.Methods From 2014 to 2022,12 farmers’markets and 11 supermarkets in 10 streets/towns in Changshou District of Chongqing were selected,and 393 seasonal vegetables and fruits were randomly collected.Gas chromatograph was used to detect 45 indexes of pesticide residues of fungicides,organophosphorus,pyrethroids and carbamates.Count data were expressed in terms of rate or percentage.Chi-square test was used to compare the rates between groups.And the test level wasα=0.05.Results From 2014 to 2022,pesticide residues were detected in 121 out of 393 vegetables and fruits in Changshou District of Chongqing,with a detection rate of 30.78%(121/393),and pesticide residues of 6 samples exceeded the standard,with an exceeding rate of 1.53%(6/393).A total of 66 samples were detected with two or more pesticides at the same time,accounting for 54.55%(66/121)of the pesticide residues detected samples,and 16.79%(66/393)of the total samples.The detection rates of insecticide and fungicide residues in order from high to low were fungicides>pyrethroids>carbamates>organophosphorus(χ2=105.975,P<0.001).The pesticide residues of omethoate,chlorpyrifos,triazole phosphorus and carbofuran exceed the standard.The detection rates of pesticide residues in vegetables from high to low were solanum fruits>leafy vegetables and root potato taro category>melon and vegetable categories>bulbs and beans(χ2=14.651,P=0.002).No pesticide residues exceeding the standard were found in fruits.Pesticide residues of 4 leafy vegetables exceeded the standard,and the exceeding rate was 7.69%(4/52),including one spinach(carbofuran),one malabar spinach(chlorpyrifos)and two leeks(omethoate).Pesticide residues of two solanaceous vegetables exceeded the standard,and the exceeding rate was 1.06%(2/189),including two portions of pepper(carbofuran and tr
作者
陈明霞
汤燕
江光群
CHEN Mingxia;TANG Yan;JIANG Guangqun(Changshou Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Chongqing 401220,China.)
出处
《职业卫生与病伤》
CAS
2023年第5期291-296,共6页
Occupational Health and Damage
关键词
蔬菜
水果
农药残留
监测
vegetables
fruits
pesticide residues
monitoring
