摘要
明代云南永昌地区经历了复杂的儒学学校发展轨迹:最先出现的是边地卫所治下的特殊社学,它们虽以“社学”为名,却表现出明显的官办特征,教学内容具有边地和军事特点,更近于官办儒学形式;继之是军民指挥使司儒学,显现出府州县儒学与卫所儒学之间的过渡性特征,以其灵活性兼顾到边疆民族地区不同群体、不同治所的教育需求,但规制相对不完备;最后是府(州、县)儒学,它突破了军民指挥使司儒学发展的瓶颈,实现了边疆与内地学校形制的整齐化。以永昌地区为代表的边地学校体制的演变之路,显示明朝在边疆地区推行儒学以教化百姓为起点,且政策灵活、形制多样,最终实现了改易风俗、发展文教的多重效果,极大地推动了各民族的交往交流交融,促进了边疆与内地的一体化。
Confucian schools in the Yongchang area of Yunnan have experienced a complex development process.The first to be established were the special schools under the administration of the border guard town or wei suo,which though was named as “she xue,” has exhibited a strong official management character and the content of teaching is more in line with the borderlands and military characteristics,so they were close to the official form of Confucianism.Secondly,the military and civilian command of Confucianism showed the transitional characteristics between Confucianism in Fuzhou and wei suo.Its flexibility took into account the educational needs of different groups and institutions in the border areas,but the regulation is relatively incomplete.Finally it is the Confucianism of the local government(prefecture-level,county),which broke through the bottleneck of the development of Confucianism under military and civilian command,and realized the uniformity of schools in the border areas and inland areas.The evolution of the border school system represented by Yongchang area shows that the Ming Dynasty promoted Confucianism in the border areas,starting from educating the people,and enjoyed flexible policies and diverse forms;it finally realized the multiple effects of changing customs and developing culture and education,greatly promoted the communication and integration of various ethnic groups,and promoted the integration of the border areas with the hinterland regions.
作者
蔡亚龙
CAI Ya-long(School of History and Culture,Minzu University of China,Beijing 100081)
出处
《中央民族大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第5期135-145,共11页
Journal of Minzu University of China(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)
基金
国家社会科学基金青年项目“明代边疆地区军民建置研究”(项目编号:20CZS072)的阶段性成果。
关键词
明代
边疆
儒学
军民指挥使司
交往交流交融
MingDynasty
borderland
Confucianism
military and civilian command
communication,exchange and integration
