摘要
钽(Ta)是一种关键高科技金属,在电工电子、航空航天等战略新兴产业中都有重要应用。当前尚无钽的替代材料,近20年来全球钽供应危机不断加剧。本工作对钽资源及其生产进行全面综述。地壳中已查明Ta储量不足300 kt,钽的提取以钽精矿为主要原料,此外,锡冶炼渣、锂矿石、废钽产品也能生产约37%的金属钽。钽的生产是一个高耗能过程,HF浸出-溶剂萃取-K2TaF7还原工艺是工业上制Ta最常用的工艺,但较高的生产成本和大量废弃物的产生是制约该方法可持续发展的重要因素。钽的清洁生产及高效回收将受到持续关注。
Tantalum(Ta)is a technology-critical metal,which has important applications in many strategic emerging industries,such as electronic,and aerospace,and there are no substitute materials for Ta so far.The supply crisis of Ta has kept growing globally over the past two decades.This work presents a comprehensive review of tantalum resources and its production.There is less than 300 kt Ta in the earth’s crust,and the production of primary Ta is an energy-and materials-demanding process.Ta can also be recovered from tin smelting slag,lithium ores,end-of-life tantalum products,etc.,and they can account for 37%of the total Ta production.The HF leaching−solvent extraction−sodium potassium fluorotantalate reduction process is the most widely used technology in producing Ta.However,long process and environmental issues have limited the sustainable development of this method.Clean production technologies and efficient recycling of Ta should receive continuous attention.
作者
魏雪
夏隆巩
刘志宏
张乐如
李启厚
Xue WEI;Long-gong XIA;Zhi-hong LIU;Le-ru ZHANG;Qi-hou LI(School of Metallurgy and Environment,Central South University,Changsha 410083,China;National Engineering Research Center for Low Carbon Nonferrous Metallurgy,Central South University,Changsha 410083,China;CINF Engineering Corporation Limited,Changsha 410076,China)
基金
funded by the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province,China(No.2022RC1084)
the National Solid Waste Project,China(No.2022YFC3901604)
The financial support from Major Science and Technology Projects in Gansu Province,China(No.21ZD4GD033)。
关键词
钽
应用
资源
生产
回收
tantalum
application
resource
production
recycling
