摘要
使用1989-2015年中国健康与营养调查数据,探讨教育回报率对性别工资差距的影响及其机制。数据显示,女性和男性的工资差距呈扩大趋势。使用Heckman两步法估计明瑟教育回报率表明,女性教育回报率高于男性,而且性别间教育回报率差距扩大。机制研究表明,国有部门性别间教育回报率差距小于非国有部门,从而导致国有部门性别工资差距小于非国有部门。性别工资差距扩大主要源自非国有部门,而非国有部门性别工资差距扩大主要源自低学历女性和男性工资差距扩大。此外,女性占比较高的半白领和白领职业性别间教育回报率差距小于女性占比较低的蓝领和白领职业。综上,有关部门需要关注受教育程度较低的女性,降低非国有部门的性别工资差距,减轻对女性的职业隔离。
Using the China Health and Nutrition Survey 1989-2015,this paper explores the effect of return to schooling on the gender wage gap and its mechanism.The data shows a widen-ing wage gap between women and men.Using the Heckman two-step method to estimate the Mincer equation shows that the return to schooling for women is higher than that for men,and the gap between the genders increases.The mechanism research shows that the gender gap of return to schooling in the state sector is smaller than that in the non-state sector,which leads to the gender wage gap in the state sector being smaller than that in the non-state sector.The widening of the gender wage gap mainly comes from the non-state sector,while the widening of the gender wage gap in the non-state sector mainly comes from the widening of the wage gap between low-educated women and men.In addition,the return to schooling of semi-white collar and white collar occupations with a high proportion of women is lower than that of blue collar and white collar occupations with a low proportion of women.The occupational segregation of women is an important reason for the gender wage gap.So authorities need to focus on low-educated women,reduce the gender wage gap in the non-state sector,and reduce the occupational segregation between women and men.
作者
刘杰
赵锋
LIU Jie;ZHAO Feng(School of Economics and Trade,Hubei University of Economics,Wuhan 430205,China)
出处
《人口与发展》
北大核心
2023年第5期65-76,共12页
Population and Development
基金
国家社科基金年度项目“新发展阶段中老年农民工生计转型与养老保障研究”(21BRK026)。
