摘要
随着美国“印太战略”的出台,印度洋开始成为世界大国战略竞争的中心舞台。印度、澳大利亚和印度尼西亚作为域内海洋大国,对该地区的安全局势尤为关注。尤其是近年来,海域内非传统安全和传统安全问题交织,其中非法捕鱼、毒品贩卖、人口走私活动屡禁不止;海平面上升、自然灾害频发,沿岸国家损失严重;海域内大国军事化竞争态势严峻,地区安全局势日益紧张。在此背景下,三国基于“东向行动”政策、印太战略观和全球海洋支点战略,积极探索三边印度洋安全合作的可能。目前,基于合作安全的理念,三国印度洋安全合作表现出明显的特点。在双边层面,合作基础扎实,海洋安全合作机制健全,构成稳定的三角关系;三边层面,合作机制由二轨外交向一轨外交转变,共识不断增多,形式逐渐完善;在多边层面,三国正在以东盟和印度洋为中心的国际组织中,探索更多非传统安全合作的机会,但模式较为单一。未来,由于印度和印尼之间海洋安全合作的紧迫度不高,驱动力不足,造成了三边合作的短板效应,且三国对于印度洋未来的秩序构想不同,关注的次区域也有所差异,因此,三边印度洋安全合作的等级不会有质的提升,但形式仍有望拓展。中国作为印度洋的重要利益攸关方,有必要对此保持密切关注,三方的印度洋安全合作既可能营造更为安全的海洋环境,惠及周边各国,也可能滑向反华联盟,威胁中国周边安全。
With the inception of the US“Indo-Pacific Strategy”,the Indian Ocean has begun to become the center stage of strategic competition among world powers.India,Australia,and Indonesia,as major maritime nations in the region,are particularly concerned about the security situation.In recent years,traditional and non-traditional security issues have intertwined in the maritime domain:illegal fishing,drug trafficking,and human trafficking activities persistently occur;rising sea levels and frequent natural disasters have caused severe losses to coastal countries.The militarization competitions among major powers in the region have created a tense security situation.Against this backdrop,the three countries actively explore the possibilities of trilateral security cooperation in the Indian Ocean based on their Act East Policy,Indo-Pacific Strategy,and Global Maritime Fulcrum.At present,based on the concept of cooperative security,the Indian Ocean security cooperation among the three countries has shown obvious characteristics.At the bilateral level,the mechanism for maritime security cooperation is sound,forming a stable triangular relationship with a solid foundation for cooperation.At the trilateral level,the cooperative mechanism is shifting from Track II diplomacy to Track I diplomacy,with increasing consensus and gradually improving forms of cooperation.At the multilateral level,the three countries are exploring more opportunities for nontraditional security cooperation within ASEAN and Indian Ocean-centric international organizations,albeit with a relatively limited range of models.In the long run,due to the low urgency and insufficient driving force for maritime security cooperation between India and Indonesia,there will be limitations to the trilateral cooperation.Moreover,the three countries have different visions for the future order in the Indian Ocean and varying levels of focus on sub-regions,resulting in differences.Nonetheless,the form of trilateral Indian Ocean security cooperation still has the potent
出处
《南亚东南亚研究》
2023年第4期27-43,152,153,共19页
South and Southeast Asian Studies
基金
国家留学基金委员会2023年“国家建设高水平大学公派研究生项目”(项目编号:202306140160)的阶段性成果。
关键词
印度
澳大利亚
印尼
印度洋
安全合作
India
Australia
Indonesia
Indian Ocean
Security Cooperation
