摘要
自2015年右翼政党—法律与公正党执政以来,波兰政局和社会加速右转,疑欧主义声势愈演愈烈。尤其在欧洲难民安置这一议题上,波欧之间围绕主权、安全和身份认同等议题展开了激烈的叙事之争,对欧盟内部团结和欧洲一体化进程产生了不可忽视的冲击。既有研究主要从“经济—社会”和“文化—社会”因素两个角度分析了波兰右翼政府疑欧主义政策的缘由,缺乏将两者相结合的综合性研究及理论升华。基于此,本文尝试从本体安全理论出发,将“基督教民主主义”、“民粹主义”和“民族主义”三种相互交织但又彼此独立的意识形态进行有机融合,作为解释波兰疑欧主义的核心因素,提出一个更加全面和系统的理论框架,即“本体安全”的威胁感知程度是塑造波兰右翼政府疑欧主义思想强弱变化的根本驱动力。为了检验这一理论,本文以2015年以来的欧洲难民危机为案例,重点分析了难民危机与波兰右翼政府的本体安全叙事建构,以及右翼政府如何调动本体安全叙事进行政治动员,进而使其对于欧盟难民政策的反抗合法化。在此基础上,本文还评估了波兰右翼政府疑欧主义政策在波兰国内和波欧关系两个层面所产生的深远影响。对这一案例的研究,有助于我们理解波兰疑欧主义的根源和波欧之间分歧的本质,并对欧洲一体化的未来作出深刻反思。
Since the rightwing Law and Justice Party came to power in 2015,Poland's political situation and society have accelerated to the right,and Euroscepticism has intensified.Especially on the issue of refugee resettlement,there is a fierce narrative dispute between Poland and Europe around sovereignty,security and identity,which has had a noticeable impact on the internal unity of the EU and the process of European integration.The existing research mainly analyzes the reasons of Euroscepticism policy of the Polish rightwing government from the perspectives of“economic-social”and“cultural-social”factors,and lacks comprehensive research and theoretical sublimation combining the two.Based on the theory of ontological security,this article attempts to organically integrate the three intertwined but independent ideologies of Christian democracy,populism and nationalism,and puts forward a more comprehensive and systematic theoretical framework,that is,the perception of the threat of ontological security is the fundamental driving force for the change of Euroscepticism of the Polish rightwing government.Taking the European refugee crisis since 2015 as a case,this article focuses on the refugee crisis and the ontological security narrative construction of the Polish rightwing government.This article also evaluates the far-reaching influence of the Eurosceptic policy of the Polish rightwing government in Poland and the relationship between Poland and Europe.The study of this case will help us to understand the root of Euroscepticism in Poland and the essence of the differences between Poland and Europe,and make a profound reflection on the future of European integration.
出处
《俄罗斯东欧中亚研究》
2023年第4期106-126,165,共22页
Russian，East European & Central Asian Studies
基金
国家社会科学基金青年项目“百年变局下中东欧国家的外交选择及中国应对研究”(项目号:22CGJ031)的阶段性成果。
关键词
波兰
法律与公正党
疑欧主义
难民危机
本体安全
Poland
Law and Justice Party
Euroscepticism
Refugee Crisis
Ontological Security
