摘要
目的了解江西省九江市德安县学生近视情况,分析引起近视的影响因素,为进一步开展近视防控工作提供参考依据。方法于2021年6月在江西省九江市德安县随机抽取6所学校,其中小学、初中、高中各2所,以整班为单位开展调查。小学、初中和高中每个年级至少80人,男女生各占50%。最终获得有效筛查人数2303人,由检测人员对研究对象进行远视力和电脑屈光检测,并对小学四年级至高三的1733名学生进行问卷调查,进一步分析影响近视的因素。结果本次研究筛查性近视检出1210人(52.54%)。小学、初中、高中的筛查性近视检出率分别为30.13%、69.38%及79.15%,近视检出率随年级上升而不断增长,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=461.835,P<0.05)。初中女生近视检出率高于男生,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=10.970,P<0.05)。经单因素logistic回归分析显示,社会人口学特征(性别、年级、住校情况)、校内用眼情况、校外用眼情况、读写姿势、近距离用眼习惯、睡眠情况不同的学生筛查性近视检出率比较差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,男生、小学和初中生检出筛查性近视的风险较低;老师总是提醒读写姿势、家长经常提醒读写姿势、桌椅高度按身高1个学年调整1次的学生检出筛查性近视的风险较高(均P<0.05)。结论江西省九江市德安县学生近视检出率较高,学生所处不同年级、老师和家长是否提醒读写姿势、桌椅高度按身高进行调整情况是德安县学生筛查性近视的影响因素。应尽早对学生进行用眼干预,培养学生良好的用眼习惯,加强学生、家长和老师对近视防控健康教育知识的学习和了解。
Objective To investigate the situation and factors associated with myopia among students in De’an County,Jiujiang,Jiangxi Province,so as to provide evidence for further prevention and control of myopia.Methods Six schools were randomly selected in De’an County at June,2021,including 2 schools at primary,junior high and senior high school respectively.All students in class were surveyed.There were at least 80 students in each grade,with half boys and half girls.Finally 2303 subjects were tested for farsightedness and refraction by computer,and students from grade 4 to grade 12 were investigated for factors associated with myopia through questionnaire survey.Results 1210(52.54%)myopia cases were detected during screening.The detection rates at primary school,junior high school and senior high school were 30.13%,69.38%and 79.15%,respectively,and the differences were statistically significant(χ^(2)=461.835,P<0.05).The detection rate of girls was greater than that of boys at junior high school(χ^(2)=10.970,P<0.05).Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that detection rates of screening myopia were different in terms of social demographic characteristics(gender,grade,board at school or not),eye health in school,eye health outside school,reading and writing posture,close eye habit and sleeping time(P<0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that boys,primary and junior high school students had a lower risk of screening myopia.Students with teachers and parents keeping correcting reading and writing posture,and students whose desk and chair height was adjusted according to their height once a academic year had a higher risk of screening myopia(all P<0.05).Conclusion The detection rate of myopia among students in De’an County is high.Different grade,teachers and parents reminding reading and writing postures or not,and table and chair height adjustment based on height are factors associated with screening myopia among students in De’an County.Therefore,early intervention should be valued,go
作者
张梦宇
申昌明
熊崇悦
赵颀涵
ZHANG Meng Yu;SHEN Chang Ming;XIONG Chong Yue;ZHAO Qi Han(Jiujiang University,Jiujiang 332000,Jiangxi Province,China;De’an County Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Jiujiang 330400,Jiangxi Province,China)
出处
《中国妇幼卫生杂志》
2023年第2期16-22,共7页
Chinese Journal of Women and Children Health
基金
江西省教育厅科学技术研究项目(GJJ201806)。
关键词
近视
现况调查
影响因素
myopia
current situation investigation
influencing factors
