摘要
【目的】综合评价黄淮南片小麦新品种(系)抗病性,并筛选优异种质资源,为黄淮南片小麦抗病育种及未来品种布局提供参考。【方法】以2021-2022年国家黄淮南片(统一试验)各级试验汇总的299个小麦新品种(系)为试验材料,对其抗病性鉴定结果进行赋值,分析其综合抗性,并结合农艺性状和品质性状筛选出抗病强的优异种质资源。【结果】参试品种(系)对条锈病和叶锈病的综合抗性评分分别为39.73和38.46,达慢病等级;对赤霉病、白粉病和纹枯病的综合抗性评分分别为16.96、20.40和21.24,在中感与高感之间。有192个品种(系)(64.2%)的条锈病抗性、182个品种(系)(60.9%)的叶锈病抗性、4个品种(系)(1.3%)的赤霉病抗性、35个品种(系)(11.7%)的白粉病抗性和1个品种(系)(0.3%)的纹枯病抗性均达慢病以上抗性水平,但没有对赤霉病和纹枯病免疫或近免疫的品种(系)。参试品种(系)抗性评分范围为50~230,中位数为130,其中149个品种(系)(49.8%)综合抗性评分高于中位数。品种(系)的综合抗性与有效穗数和稳定时间呈极显著负相关(P<0.01,下同),与吸水量呈极显著正相关。不同病害抗病和感病品种(系)的表型性状表现不同,抗病品种(系)的株高较低、稳定时间较短,其中,抗条锈病品种(系)的蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量和吸水量较高,抗叶锈病品种(系)的产量、千粒重、容重和蛋白质含量较高,抗赤霉病品种(系)的千粒重、蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量和吸水量较高,抗白粉病品种(系)的穗粒数、蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量和吸水量较高,抗纹枯病品种(系)的产量较高、生育期较长、有效穗数较多、千粒重、容重和湿面筋含量较高。综合抗性评价结果共筛选出29个综合抗病性较好,且丰产性和农艺性状优异的品种(系)。【结论】参试品种(系)条锈病和叶锈病的抗性相对较好,但对纹枯病、白粉病和赤霉病的抗性�
【Objective】The purpose of the study was to comprehensively evaluate the disease resistance of new wheat varieties(strains)in the south of Huanghuai region and screen excellent germplasm resources to provide a reference for disease resistance breeding and future varieties layout of wheat in the south of Huanghuai region.【Method】A total of 299 new wheat varieties(strains)summarized at all levels of tests in 2021-2022 in the south of Huanghuai region of China(unified test)were used as test materials,and the results of their disease resistance identification were evaluated,analyzed for comprehensive resistance,and screened for excellent germplasm resources with strong resistance to the disease by combining agronomic traits and quality traits.【Result】The comprehensive resistance scores of the tested varieties(strains)to stripe rust and leaf rust were 39.73 and 38.46 respectively,reaching chronic disease level.The comprehensive resistance scores to fusarium head blight,powdery mildew and sharp eyespot were 16.96,20.40 and 21.24 respectively,which were between middle susceptible and high susceptible.There were 192 varieties(strains)(64.2%)with resistance to stripe rust,182 varieties(strains)(60.9%)with resistance to leaf rust,4 varieties(strains)(1.3%)with resistance to fusarium head blight,35 varieties(strains)(11.7%)with resistance to powdery mildew,and 1 variety(strain)(0.3%)with resistance to sharp eyespot at the level of chronic disease resistance or above,but there were no varieties(strains)that were immune or near-immune to fusarium head blight and sharp eyespot.The resistance score of the tested varieties(strains)ranged from 50 to 230 with a median of 130,of which 149 varieties(strains)(49.8%)had a comprehensive resistance score higher than the median.The comprehensive resistance score of the varieties was extremely significantly negatively correlated with the effective spike number and stability time(P<0.01,the same below),and extremely significantly positively correlated with water absorption.Pheno
作者
李爱国
付家锋
宋晓霞
张文斐
王改革
LI Ai-guo;FU Jia-feng;SONG Xiao-xia;ZHANG Wen-fei;WANG Gai-ge(Luohe Academy of Agricultural Science,Luohe,Henan 462300,China)
出处
《南方农业学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第4期1065-1076,共12页
Journal of Southern Agriculture
基金
国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-03)。
关键词
小麦新品种(系)
黄淮南片
抗病性
综合评价
种质筛选
new wheat varieties(strains)
south of Huanghuai region
disease resistance
comprehensive evaluation
screening of germplasm
