摘要
【目的】分析我国黄淮南片麦区小麦品种(系)的遗传多样性,筛选优良种质,以期为小麦遗传育种及种质资源优化利用提供参考依据。【方法】以近年黄淮麦区审定或正在参试的79份小麦新品种(系)为材料,对其穗下茎长、穗下节长、株高、旗叶长、旗叶宽、分蘖数、穗长、穗粒数、千粒重、生物量和产量共11个农艺性状,以及籽粒水分含量、吸水率、蛋白质含量、面筋含量、硬度值和沉降值6个品质性状进行多样性分析。【结果】11个农艺性状的变异系数为8.20%~44.25%,平均为18.79%,株高的变异系数最小,为8.20%;Shannon-Wiener多样性指数为1.96~2.09,平均为2.02,最高的是千粒重,为2.09。6个品质性状的变异系数为1.40%~11.61%,平均为5.76%;Shannon-Wiener多样性指数为1.96~2.08,平均为2.02,品质性状的变异幅度稍低,但遗传多样性较丰富。根据特征值大于1.00的标准,共有7个主成分可作为小麦种质评价的综合指标,累计贡献率达80.62%,且发现品质是影响综合评分值的重要因素。相关性达显著(P<0.05,下同)或极显著(P<0.01)水平的性状共23对,占总对数的41.82%,其中呈正相关的性状20对,呈负相关的性状3对。基于11个农艺性状和6个品质性状可将79份供试材料分为四大类群(Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ),材料数量占比分别为21.52%、11.39%、18.99%和48.10%,按亲本来源聚在同一类群,说明聚类结果能准确反映出材料性状特征及大致血缘关系,亲缘关系是小麦类群划分的关键性因素;部分类群间在旗叶长、旗叶宽、分蘖数、穗长、千粒重、穗粒数、生物量和产量等8个性状达显著差异;株高、穗下节长和穗下茎长在4个类群均无显著差异(P>0.05)。【结论】不同农艺性状和品质性状的变异系数变化趋势与Shannon-Wiener多样性指数并不完全一致,农艺性状的遗传多样性相对丰富,品质性状的差异较小。筛选出西农809、西农161、新�
【Objective】This study aimed to analyze the genetic diversity of wheat varieties(lines)in southern Huang-Huai wheat region,and to screen superior germplasm resources,providing a reference for wheat genetic breeding and optimized utilization of wheat germplasm resources.【Method】Seventy-nine newly wheat varieties(lines)recently approved or under trial in southern Huang-Huai wheat region were used as materials.Eleven agronomic traits,including under-spike stem length,under-spike internode length,plant height,flag leaf length,flag leaf width,tiller number per plant,spike length,kernel number per spike,thousand-kernel weight,biomass,and yield,and six quality traits,including moisture,water abstraction rate protein content,gluten content,hardness and sedimentation value,were comprehensively evalua-ted for diversity.【Result】The results showed that the coefficients of variation for the 11 agronomic traits ranged from 8.20%to 44.25%,with an average of 18.79%.Plant height had the smallest coefficient of variation(8.20%).The Shannon-Wiener diversity index ranged from 1.96 to 2.09,with an average of 2.02.The highest Shannon-Wiener diversity index was observed for thousand-kernel weight(2.09).The variation coefficients of the six quality traits ranged from 1.40%to 11.61%,with an average of 5.76%.The diversity index ranged from 1.96 to 2.08,with an average of 2.02.Although the variation in quality traits was slightly lower,the genetic diversity was rich.Based on the criterion of eigenvalue greater than 1.00,seven principal components were identified as comprehensive indexes for evaluating wheat germplasm,with a cumulative contribution rate of 80.62%.Notably,quality was found to be a crucial factor influencing the comprehensive score.A total of 23 pairs of traits reached significant(P<0.05,the same below)or extremely significant(P<0.01)correlation levels,accounting for 41.82%of the total pairs.Among them,20 pairs showed positive correlations and 3 pairs showed negative correlations.Based on the 11 agronomic and 6 qua
作者
金艳
宋全昊
肖永贵
宋佳静
赵立尚
陈杰
白冬
朱统泉
JIN Yan;SONG Quan-hao;XIAO Yong-gui;SONG Jia-jing;ZHAO Li-shang;CHEN Jie;BAI Dong;ZHU Tong-quan(Zhumadian Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhumadian,Henan 463000,China;Institute of Crop Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China)
出处
《南方农业学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第5期1296-1306,共11页
Journal of Southern Agriculture
基金
国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-03)
河南省中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(Z20231811144)
河南省科技攻关项目(242102111149)
驻马店市科技创新青年专项(QNZX202320)。
关键词
小麦
黄淮南片麦区
遗传多样性
农艺性状
品质性状
wheat
southern Huang-Huai wheat region
genetic diversity
agronomic traits
quality traits
