摘要
黑名单范围是民航旅客黑名单制度的核心问题。无论是《东京公约》《保安手册》等国际立法,还是美、加等域外国家立法,抑或是国外航空公司内部规范,都没有直接明确规定民航旅客黑名单制度,而是从“拒绝运输”(拒载)的角度对“潜在威胁的人”的强制措施作了相关规定。我国《刑法》《治安处罚法》《民用航空安全保卫条例》以及《飞行安全保卫规则》都从维护公共安全角度对旅客不轨行为进行了规制,但法律效力层次和内容侧重点不同。《民航旅客不文明行为记录管理办法》和“385号文”是我国目前关于民航旅客黑名单最直接的法律规范,但二者在适用范围方面并不完全一致。应当从法治建设高度创新民航旅客黑名单制度,统一规范民航旅客黑名单适用范围和适用条件。不文明行为不宜作为民航旅客黑名单范围的标准,应以危害民航安全作为民航旅客黑名单范围的标准,并以类型化方式对民航旅客黑名单的适用范围作出明确规定。
The blacklist scope is the core issue of the civil aviation passenger blacklist system.Whether it is international legislation such as the Tokyo Convention and the Security Handbook,or the legislation of countries outside the region such as the United States and Canada,or the internal norms of foreign airlines,the civil aviation passenger blacklist system is not explicitly or directly stipulated,but compulsory measures against“potential threats”are made from the perspective of“refusal to transport”(refusal to carry)for it.The Criminal Law of the People's Republic of China(PRC),the Public Security Administration Punishments Law of the PRC,the Regulation of the PRC on Civil Aviation Security,and the Flight Safety and Security Rules all stipulate passengers’misconduct in terms of public safety maintenance,but differ in the level of legal effectiveness and focus.The Administrative Measures for Uncivilized Conduct Records of Civil Aviation Passengers and Document No.385 are the most direct legal regulations on the blacklist of civil aviation passengers in China,but they are not completely consistent in the scope of application.Therefore,the civil aviation passenger blacklist system should be innovated from the height of legal construction,and the scope and conditions of application of the civil aviation passenger blacklist should be standardized.Whether it endangers civil aviation safety rather than whether it belongs to uncivilized behavior should be taken as the standard for the scope of the civil aviation passenger blacklist,and detailed provisions should be made to categorize the civil aviation passenger blacklist.
作者
高志宏
高飞
GAO Zhihong;GAO Fei(College of Humanities and Social Sciences,Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing,Jiangsu 211106,China;United Front Work Department and Student Affairs Department,Nanjing Normal University of Special Education,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210038,China)
出处
《南京航空航天大学学报（社会科学版）》
2023年第3期62-73,共12页
Journal of Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics（Social Sciences）
基金
国家社会科学基金重大招标项目(20&ZD183)
江苏高校哲学社会科学党的二十大精神重点专题研究项目(SJZT202311)。
关键词
黑名单
拒载权
民航安全
公共运输承运人
旅客不文明行为
blacklist
denial right of carriage
civil aviation safety
public transport carrier
uncivilized behavior of passengers
