摘要
探明麦后复种绿肥在不同灌水水平下对小麦籽粒品质和产量的影响,对构建干旱灌区基于绿肥的小麦稳产丰产与优质生产模式具有重要的理论和实践支撑作用。本研究采用裂区试验设计,主区设2种种植模式:麦后复种绿肥(W-G)和麦后休闲(W);副区设小麦生育期3个灌水水平:低灌水(I1:190 mm)、中灌水(I2:240 mm)、高灌水(I3:290mm),于2020年和2021年测定分析了小麦籽粒蛋白质含量、淀粉含量、容重等品质指标,产量表现及土壤有机质含量变化。结果表明:在同一灌水水平下,W-G较W小麦籽粒蛋白质含量增加了5.8%~26.5%、湿面筋含量增加了9.3%~26.4%、容重增加了0.4%~2.1%;同一种植模式不同灌水水平之间,小麦籽粒蛋白质含量随灌水水平的降低呈增加趋势,而籽粒淀粉含量和湿面筋含量随灌水水平的降低呈减少趋势,I2小麦籽粒容重显著大于I1和I3;各组合处理之间,麦后复种绿肥中灌水水平(W-GI2)的小麦籽粒蛋白质含量与麦后复种绿肥低灌水水平(W-GI1)之间差异不显著,均高于其他处理,较麦后休闲高灌水水平(WI3)增加了15.1%~35.0%, W-GI2的小麦籽粒淀粉含量、湿面筋含量均与麦后复种绿肥高灌水水平(W-GI3)差异不显著。W-G较W籽粒产量增加了7.0%~13.2%;小麦籽粒产量随灌水水平的降低呈减少趋势,但W-GI2小麦籽粒产量与W-GI3差异不显著,较WI3平均增加了6.0%。W-G较W使小麦播前土壤有机质含量增加了5.6%~31.5%,但W-GI2土壤有机质含量在20~40 cm土层与W-GI3差异不显著,较WI3平均增加了7.8%。总之,麦后复种绿肥较麦后休闲处理能够显著增加麦田土壤有机质含量,使小麦在中灌水条件下获得较高籽粒产量的同时,改善籽粒蛋白质、淀粉、湿面筋含量等品质,可作为干旱灌区限量灌溉条件下小麦持续稳产丰产与品质优化的推荐农艺措施。
It is proved that the effect of multiple cropping green manure after wheat harvest on wheat grain quality and yield with different irrigation levels has an important theoretical and practical supporting role in building a stable and high-yield and high-quality production mode of wheat based on green manure in arid irrigation areas.In this study,a split plot design was adopted.Two cropping patterns were set up in the main area:wheat with multiple cropping green manure(W-G)and wheat with autumn fallow(W).Three irrigation levels were set in the sub district during wheat growth period:low irrigation quota(I1:190 mm),medium irrigation quota(I2:240 mm),and high irrigation quota(I3:290 mm).The quality indexes,such as protein content,starch content,unit weight,and other quality,and yield performance of wheat were measured and analyzed in 2020 and 2021.The results showed that with the same irrigation level,compared with W,the grain protein content of W-G wheat increased by 5.8%–26.5%,the wet gluten content increased by 9.3%–26.4%,and the unit weight increased by 0.4%–2.1%.Between different irrigation levels in the same cropping pattern,the protein content of wheat grains increased with the decrease of irrigation level,while the starch content and wet gluten content of wheat grains decreased with the decrease of irrigation level.The grain unit weight of I2 wheat was significantly greater than I1 and I3.Among the treatments of each combination,the protein content of wheat grain at the medium irrigation level of multiple cropping green manure(W-GI2)and the low irrigation level of multiple green manure(W-GI1)had no significant difference,which were higher than other treatments,increased by 15.1%–35.0%compared with the high irrigation level of wheat with autumn fallow(WI3),and the starch content and wet gluten content of wheat grain at W-GI2 had no significant difference compared with the high irrigation level of wheat with multiple cropping green manure(W-GI3),which were 3.2%–3.4%and 7.5%–12.9%higher than WI3,resp
作者
张刁亮
杨昭
胡发龙
殷文
柴强
樊志龙
ZHANG Diao-Liang;YANG Zhao;HU Fa-Long;YIN Wen;CHAI Qiang;FAN Zhi-Long(State Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science/College of Agronomy,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,Gansu,China)
出处
《作物学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第9期2572-2581,共10页
Acta Agronomica Sinica
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1700204-04)
甘肃省科技计划项目(22JR5RA860)资助。
关键词
绿肥
灌水水平
籽粒品质
产量
小麦
green manure
irrigation level
grain quality
yield
wheat
