摘要
为探讨施氮量对稻茬弱筋小麦籽粒氮代谢相关酶活性和籽粒蛋白质合成的影响,在大田试验条件下,设置0、75、150、225、300 kg·hm^(-2)5个施氮水平,研究不同施氮处理对小麦籽粒氮代谢关键酶活性、籽粒可溶性蛋白、游离氨基酸含量及灌浆特性的影响。结果表明,在0~300 kg·hm^(-2)施氮范围内,随着施氮量的增加,小麦灌浆期硝酸还原酶(NR)、谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)、谷丙转氨酶(GPT)、谷草转氨酶(GOT)活性呈上升趋势,与不施氮处理相比,施氮处理下灌浆期试验点一和试验点二小麦籽粒NR活性提升了0.48%~28.26%和9.49%~23.02%、GS活性提升了7.65%~46.46%和15.97%~57.32%、GPT活性提升了18.79%~74.20%和10.31%~65.13%、GOT活性提升了-5.58%~55.23%和29.76%~66.59%。小麦灌浆期籽粒游离氨基酸、可溶性蛋白、籽粒蛋白质含量和各蛋白质组分含量均随施氮量的增加而增加,当施氮量高于225 kg·hm^(-2)时,小麦籽粒蛋白质含量超过国家弱筋小麦蛋白质含量标准。相关性分析表明,灌浆期小麦籽粒氮代谢相关酶活性和游离氨基酸、可溶性蛋白、籽粒蛋白质、清蛋白含量的相关性总体达到显著水平。小麦籽粒产量随施氮量的增加呈先升高后降低趋势,在225 kg·hm^(-2)施氮量下达到最大值,与不施氮处理相比,施氮处理下试验点一和试验点二小麦籽粒产量分别增加了129.63%~230.54%和72.22%~131.98%。综合考虑弱筋小麦产量品质和施氮对环境影响较小的选择条件,安徽省稻茬弱筋麦区小麦施氮量在225 kg·hm^(-2)较为适宜。本研究结果为安徽省沿淮稻茬弱筋麦区小麦高效优质栽培提供了理论依据。
To explore effects of nitrogen application rate on the activities of enzymes related to grain nitrogen metabolism and grain protein synthesis of weak gluten wheat after rice stubble,five nitrogen application levels were set to study the effects of different nitrogen application treatments on the activities of key enzymes of grain nitrogen metabolism,the contents of grain soluble protein,free amino acids and irrigation under the field conditions.The results showed that in the range of 0~300 kg·hm^(-2) nitrogen application,with the increase of nitrogen application,the activities of nitrate reductase(NR),glutamine synthetase(GS),glutamic pyruvic transaminase(GPT)and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase(GOT)during grain filling appeared an upward trend.Compared with the treatment without nitrogen application,the NR activities of wheat grains at test point 1 and test point 2 under nitrogen application treatment increased by 0.48%~28.26%and 9.49%~23.02%,GS activities increased by 7.65%~46.46%and 15.97%~57.32%,GPT activities increased by 18.79%~74.20%and 10.31%~65.13%,GOT activities increased by-5.58%~55.23%and 29.76%~66.59%,respectively.Free amino acid,soluble protein,protein content and protein components of wheat grain at grain filling stage increased with nitrogen application,but when the nitrogen application rate was higher than 225 kg·hm^(-2),the protein content of wheat grain exceeded the national protein content standard of weak gluten wheat.Correlation analysis showed that the correlation between nitrogen metabolism related the activities of enzymes and free amino acids,soluble protein,grain protein content,gliadin and albumin content at grain filling stage reached a significant level.Wheat grain yield increased first and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen application rate,reaching the maximum value at the nitrogen application rate of 225 kg·hm^(-2).Compared with the treatment without nitrogen application,the wheat grain yield at test point 1 and test point 2 under nitrogen application treatment incre
作者
任开明
杨文俊
王犇
樊永惠
张文静
马尚宇
黄正来
REN Kaiming;YANG Wenjun;WANG Ben;FAN Yonghui;ZHANG Wenjing;MA Shangyu;HUANG Zhenglai(College of Agriculture,Anhui Agricultural University,Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Breeding in Southern Huanghuai,Ministry of Agriculture,Hefei,Anhui 230036)
出处
《核农学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第3期606-616,共11页
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences
基金
安徽省科技重大专项(202003a06020014)。
关键词
小麦
氮素
氮代谢酶
蛋白质
wheat
nitrogen
nitrogen metabolizing enzyme
protein
