摘要
证明责任具有裁判功能,其起作用于案件事实真伪不明之时。请求权是证明责任分配衔接民事实体法和民事程序法的基点。作为一种不利后果的承担,证明责任分配规则必须严格遵循责任法定原则。“规范说”之证明责任分配规则是我国引进的“舶来品”,它所体现出来的理论价值和实践意义已经被大多数人认可,基于对文义解释和句式结构的侧重而使其极具操作性。毋庸讳言,该主流学说存在一定程度上的适用困境,冲击着责任法定原则之明确性、合理性的要求,造成民事实体法和民事程序法衔接不畅的问题。虽然这并不是中国独有的问题,但是从立法层面关注案件的特殊性并对相应的民法条文作出调整能让“规范说”之证明责任分配规则在我国的司法环境下继续发挥作用。民法条文的调整深受法之价值取向的影响,而多目标决策方法作为法之价值比较和选择的方法具有合理性和可行性。
The burden of proof has an adjudicative function,and it works when the case facts are unclarified.The right of claim is the base of proof burden allocation which connects civil substantive law and civil procedural law.As an adverse consequence,the rules of proof burden allocation must strictly follow the principle of legal liability.The“normative”rule of proof burden is something foreign introduced into China,and its theoretical value and practical significance have been largely recognized.Its emphasis on textual interpretation and sentence structure makes it very operative.Needless to say,this theory has some difficulties in application,which impacts the clarity and rationality of the principle of statutory liability,resulting in poor connection between civil substantive law and civil procedural law.Although this problem is not unique to China,attention to the particularity of cases at the legislative level and adjustments to the corresponding provisions of the civil law can make the“normative”allocation rules continue to function in China's judicial environment.The adjustment of the provisions of the civil law is deeply influenced by the value orientation of the law,and the multi-objective decision-making method as a method of comparing and selecting the value of the law is reasonable and feasible.
作者
卢炳权
LU Bing-quan(Law School,Zhongnan University of Economics and Law,Wuhan,Hubei 430073)
出处
《汕头大学学报（人文社会科学版）》
2022年第12期34-41,95,共9页
Journal of Shantou University(Humanities and Social Sciences Edition)
关键词
真伪不明
证明责任
规范说
价值评价
多目标决策方法
unclarified facts
burden of proof
normative theory
evaluation
multi-objective decision making method
