摘要
目的 探讨父母教养方式对儿童自尊水平发展的影响。方法 采用随机抽样的方法,选取某省小学学生1 620名,通过《父母教养方式评价量表(EMBU)》和《儿童自尊量表(CSES)》分析不同性别、年级及是否独生子女特征儿童的自尊水平(外表、体育运动、能力、成就感、纪律、功德与助人6个维度)和父母教养方式[父亲量表为6个维度(F1~F6分别为父亲情感温暖与理解、严厉与惩罚、偏爱被试、过分干涉、拒绝否认、过度保护),母亲量表为5个维度(M1~M5分别为温暖与理解、严厉与惩罚、偏爱分干涉过分保护、拒绝否认)]各因子得分;采用Pearson相关分析父母教养方式与儿童自尊水平各维度的相关性。结果 男孩自尊水平在能力、成就感、公德与助人、体育运动各维度得分高于女孩,女孩的自尊水平在纪律和外表维度得分高于男孩,非独生子儿童自尊水平在体育运动、能力、纪律、公德与助人等维度上高于独生子女,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);父母教养方式在父亲和母亲的严厉惩罚和偏爱被试两个因子上、男生高于女生,父亲严厉惩罚因子上、非独生子女高于独生子女得分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);父母教养方式各因子得分在儿童性别、年级及是否独生子女等不同人口学特征下比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);Pearson相关分析结果显示,父母教养方式中父亲情感温暖理解、父亲偏爱被试、母亲情感温暖理解、母亲偏爱被试维度与儿童自尊水平呈显著正相关性;父亲惩罚严厉、父亲过度保护、父亲拒绝否认、母亲拒绝否认、母亲惩罚严厉、母亲过分干涉过分保护与儿童自尊水平呈负相关。结论 父母教养方式对儿童自尊水平的发展有着显著的影响。
Objective To investigate the influence of parenting style on the development of children's self-esteem level.Methods A total of 1620 primary school students in certain province were chosen by random sampling.Egma minnen av bardndosna uppforstran(EMBU)and children's self-esteem scale(CSES)were adopted to analyze the scores of self-esteem level of children with different genders,grades and whether they were the only child(in six dimesions,which are appearance,sports,ability,sense of accomplishment,discipline,social morality and help-others)and parenting style(father's scale contained 6 dimensions:F1 to F6 were father's emotional warmth and understanding,severity and punishment,preference,excessive interference,refusal and denial,overprotection;mother's scale was divided into 5 dimensions:M1 to M5 were warmth and understanding,severity and punishment,preference and interference,overprotection,refusal and denial).Pearson correlation was used to analyze the correlation between parenting style and children's self-esteem level.Result Self-esteem of boys was higher than that of girls in the dimensions of ability,sense of achievement,social morality,help-others and sports;the self-esteem of girls was higher than that of boys in the dimensions of discipline and appearance;the self-esteem of non-only child was higher than that of only child in the dimensions of sports,ability,discipline,social morality and help-others,differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).In terms of parenting style,the score of boys was higher than that of girls regarding father's and mother's severe punishment and preference.In terms of father's severe punishment,the score of non-only child was higher than that of only child,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The scores of each factor of parenting style were compared under different demographic characteristics such as child's gender,grade and only child or not,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Pearson correlation analysis showed that the dimensio
作者
茅丽丽
刘平
杨通华
MAO Lili;LIU Ping;YANG Tonghua(Pediatric Department,Rugao People's Hospital,Rugao 226500,Jiangsu,China;Editorial Department of Journal,Guizhou Medical University,Guiyang 550001,Guizhou,China;Mental Health Education and Consultation Center,Guizhou Police Academy,Guiyang 550005,Guizhou,China)
出处
《贵州医科大学学报》
CAS
2023年第4期416-421,共6页
Journal of Guizhou Medical University
基金
贵州省教育厅青年科技人才成长项目(黔教合KY字[2018]287)。
关键词
儿童
自尊水平
父母
教养方式
相关性
影响
children
self-esteem level
parents
parenting style
correlation
impact
