摘要
大数据时代,儿童数据在网络环境中面临着人格权益风险、人身安全风险和经济风险等诸多风险。目前,世界多数国家有关儿童数据保护立法的不足主要在于,采用对全部儿童适用完全相同的数据保护措施的“一刀切”模式,忽视了不同年龄阶段儿童个体成熟度的现实差异,无法达到提供有针对性的、恰如其分的儿童数据保护的效果。应考虑对儿童数据采用适龄保护,以更大化地发挥现有法律规则的作用并弥补其不足。对此,国际社会中已有的儿童数据适龄保护规则中的有益成分,或可以作为进一步健全完善儿童数据保护规则的参考。为充分实现适龄保护的应有效果,在构建相关规则过程中应当注重保障规则能够切实贴合儿童数据保护的显著特征和特别需求,弥补儿童被动创建数字身份的法律规制的空白,以及吸纳多利益相关方共同参与儿童数据的治理。
Nowadays,children's use of the Internet has exhibited the following characteristics and trends globally:an increasing number of users,a significantly lower age of first contact with the Internet,and prolonged time spent online.As children engage and even immerse themselves in the Internet,a giant amount of children's personal data are circulated in cyberspace and are at great risk of being abused.The risks of infringing on personal rights,personal safety and economy in the process of personal data circulation and utilization are even more special and specific to children's data security.To address the risks to children's data,most countries around the world have adopted a domestic legislative model that establishes a certain age threshold and provides special protection for all children's data below that threshold.While it does provide more expeditious and a higher level of protection for children's data than general personal data protection,this"one-size-fits-all"model,which ignores the reality of differences in the maturity of individual children at different ages,does not provide comprehensive and appropriate protection for children's data.In contrast,the main advantage of age-appropriate protection for children's data as a better way to deal with data risks for children is that it fully takes into account the differences in the maturity of children at different ages,and based on this,it goes further than the existing legal rules,i.e.,it further subdivides the specific ages of children and adjusts and refines the relevant data protection rules accordingly,so that they can better satisfy the characteristics and needs of children's data protection at different ages.In other words,the age-appropriate protection of children's data can make greater use of the existing legal rules and meanwhile compensate for their shortcomings.Moreover,it complies with the development requirements of the"contextual integrity"principle,and effectively strikes a balance between"empowerment and protection"in the protection of children
作者
蒋圣力
戴苑
JIANG Shengli;DAI Yuan(School of International Law and Center for the Study of International Human Rights and Humanitarian Law,East China University of Political Science and Law;School of International Law,East China University of Political Science and Law)
出处
《人权法学》
2023年第2期68-85,147,148,共20页
Journal of Human Rights Law
关键词
儿童数据保护
适龄保护规则
“场景一致性”原则
赋权与保护
children's data protection
age-appropriate protection rules
the principle of contextual integrity
empowerment and protection
