摘要
生育保险是生育支持政策体系的重要内容之一。然而,因历史的原因,我国生育保险制度发展相对缓慢。近年来,我国生育政策发生转变,生育保险制度是否能够发挥积极的生育保险支持作用尚需实证检验。本文利用2016年和2018年“中国劳动力动态调查”数据,采用逐期PSM-DID分析方法,考察了在“全面二胎”政策背景下,获取生育保险对已育家庭生育行为的影响。研究表明:生育保险制度能够提高“全面二胎”政策后已育家庭的生育子女数量,这种促进效应是“全面二胎”政策与生育保险制度共同作用的结果;生育保险制度对男性生育行为的激励作用高于女性,未来制度设计需要加强男性对家庭婴幼儿照料的安排;当前企业职工生育保险制度覆盖面低,保障力度不足,对农村居民缺乏制度包容力。结合上述结论及有关讨论,提出积极应对老龄少子化的人口结构性困境,坚持扩大生育保险覆盖范围,稳步提高生育保障待遇水平等对策建议。
Maternity insurance is one of the important aspects in the maternity supporting policy system.However,China's maternity insurance system has developed at a relatively slow pace in the past.In recent years,China's maternity policy has undergone changes,and whether the maternity insurance system can play a positive supporting role in maternity insurance still needs empirical testing.Based on the data of the"China Labor-force Dynamics Survey"in 2016 and 2018,this paper used the PSM-DID analysis method to explore the influence of maternity insurance on the reproductive behavior of families already having children under the background of“comprehensive two-child”policy.The study finds that:(1)the maternity insurance system can boost the number of children born in families already having children after implementation of the"comprehensive two-child"policy,which are the fruits from the combined efforts by the"comprehensive two-child"policy and the participation in the fertility insurance system;(2)the maternity insurance system has a higher incentive on the behavour of men willing to have children than women,and the future system design needs to strengthen arrangements for men to take care of infants in the family.(3)The current maternity insurance system has a low coverage for employees in enterprises,which means the system is not sufficient enough to protect all workers,and there is also a lack of inclusion of rural residents into the system.Based on the above conclusions and relevant discussions,it is recommended that the chanllenges of the demographic structure with an aging population while having fewer children should be addressed,the coverage of maternity insurance should be expanded,and the level of maternity security benefits should be gradually raised.
作者
袁涛
黎蔺娴
YUAN Tao;LI Lin-xian(China Population and Development Research Center,Beijing,100081;Liaoning University,Shenyang,110136)
出处
《中国劳动》
2022年第6期68-79,共12页
China Labor
关键词
生育保险
生育政策
生育行为
maternity insurance
fertility policy
fertility behavior
