摘要
油茶(Camellia oleifera)是我国特有的木本食用油料树种,广泛分布于我国南方14个省份,油茶炭疽病的大量发生与流行对云南省油茶产业造成巨大经济损失.本研究通过鉴定云南省油茶炭疽病的病原菌以及探究其病害发生发展规律,以期为油茶炭疽病的防治提供参考.文中采用形态学特征结合分子系统学方法对云南主要油茶产区的炭疽病菌进行种类鉴定,并验证其致病性,同时对油茶炭疽病的传播途径、侵入途径等发生发展规律进行了试验研究.结果表明,云南三地区油茶炭疽病菌主要为Colletotrichum fructicola、C.gloeosporioides和C.karstii;越冬试验表明,病原菌以分生孢子和菌丝体的形式越冬,病果和病叶残留的分生孢子每果达115100个,为主要的初侵染来源;在室内干燥条件下,分生孢子可存活14个月;分生孢子萌发的最适温度为25~30℃,低于10℃或高于35℃均不能萌发;分生孢子萌发的最适宜空气相对湿度为100%,低于75%则不能萌发;病菌可直接侵入或从伤口侵入;在22~29℃并保湿的条件下,潜育期为88~99 h.分析各试验结果发现,引起云南省油茶炭疽病的病原菌并不是单一的,并且温度和湿度是影响炭疽病菌孢子萌发的主要因素,病果和病叶是初侵染的主要来源.
Camellia oleifera is a unique woody edible oil tree species in China,which has distributed in 14 provinces in southern China.The prevalence of anthrax in Camellia has caused huge economic losses to the Camellia industry in Yunnan Province.This study is conducted to identify the pathogenic bacteria of oil tea anthracnose in Yunnan Province and to investigate its disease development pattern in order to provide reference for the control of oil tea anthracnose.In this work,morphological and molecular biological methods are used to identify the species of Colletotrichum in the main producing areas in Yunnan,and to verify its pathogenicity.At the same time,experimental studies are conducted on the development pattern of oil tea anthracnose such as transmission and invasion pathways.The results showed that Colletotrichum fruticola,C.gloeosporioides and C.karstii are the main pathogens of anthrax of Camellia in Yunnan.The overwintering test showed that the pathogen overwinter in the form of conidia and mycelium,and 115100 conidia remains in diseased fruits and leaves,which is the main source of primary infection.The conidia can survive for 14 months under dry indoor conditions.The optimum temperature for conidia germination is 25~30℃,and conidia can not germinate below 10℃and above 35℃.The optimum air relative humidity for conidia germination is 100%,and it can not germinate if the air relative humidity is lower than 75%.Colletotrichum can invade directly or from the wound.Under the condition of 22~29℃and moisture retention,the incubation period is 88~99 h.Analysis of the results of each experiment revealed that the pathogenic bacteria causing anthracnose of oil tea in Yunnan Province are not single.And humidity are the main factors affecting spore germination of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides,and diseased fruits and leaves are the main sources of initial infection.
作者
吴峰婧琳
陈健鑫
王芳
张东华
伍建榕
WU Fengjinglin;CHEN Jian-xin;WANG Fang;ZHANG Dong-hua;WU Jian-rong(Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control in Yunnan Higher Education Institutions,College of Biodiversity Conservation,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming 650224,Yunnan,China;Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China of State Forestry and Grassland Administration,College of Forestry,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming 650224,Yunnan,China)
出处
《西北师范大学学报（自然科学版）》
CAS
北大核心
2023年第2期118-127,共10页
Journal of Northwest Normal University(Natural Science)
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFD100200X)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(31860208,32160395)。
关键词
病原鉴定
越冬
孢子萌发
发病规律
油茶
炭疽菌
pathogen identification
overwintering
spore germination
disease regularity
Camellia oleifera
Colletotrichum
