摘要
教育公平是美国STEM教育发展战略的重要目标。美国推进STEM教育公平历经理念萌芽期、踟蹰探索期、蓬勃发展期和全面提升期4个阶段。政策变迁呈现三大趋势,即体系建设整合化、发展逻辑人本化、保障范畴扩大化。从实践举措来看,美国治理STEM教育公平发挥了权威型、能力型、系统变革型和学习型政策工具的组合优势,不仅依托宏观层面的国家战略引领、财政经费支持和组织机构协作,也得益于微观层面的办学模式、师资建设与课程体系创新。为推动我国STEM教育迈向公平,实现高质量发展,未来应优化STEM教育发展战略规划,构建和谐有序的STEM教育体系;拓宽教育经费筹措渠道,保障STEM教育财政投入公平;健全STEM教育公平的组织机构,挖掘智库的资政启民功能;建设STEM特色学校,疏通校内外学习要素链。
Educational equity is an important goal of STEM education development strategy in the United States.The promoting of STEM education fairness has experienced the idea advocated period,hesitating explo-ration period,vigorous development period and comprehensive promotion period.There are three trends inclu-ding the integration of system construction,the humanization of development logic and the expanded scope of safeguard.From the point of practical measures,the governance of STEM education equity in the United States effectively gives full play to the combined advantages of authoritative,competent,systemically transformative and learning-oriented policy instruments.It not only depends on the macro level of national strategy guide,fis-cal funds support and organization collaboration,also benefits from the micro level of school-running mode,teacher construction and course system innovation.In order to promote the fair and high-quality development of STEM education in China,it is suggested to optimize the strategic planning of STEM education development and build a harmonious and orderly STEM education system,to broaden the financing channels of education and ensure the fair financial investment in STEM education,to improve the STEM education fair organization and give play to the think tank's role of advising the government and inspiring the people,and then build char-acteristic STEM schools and dredge the chain of learning elements inside and outside the school.
作者
马立超
MA Li-chao(Institute of Education,Tsinghua University,Beijing,100084,China)
出处
《高等理科教育》
2023年第2期115-123,共9页
Higher Education of Sciences
基金
上海市哲学社会科学规划教育学一般项目“我国高等教育普及化阶段的公平、质量、结构及布局研究”(项目编号:A2021008)。
关键词
美国
STEM教育
教育公平
教育治理
政策工具
the United States
STEM education
education equity
educational government
policy instru-ment
