摘要
针对如何理解被害人过错在犯罪互动中的作用,进一步规范其说理要素,本文以侵害公民人身权利罪判决中1029个诉争被害人过错的行为为样本,发现被害人过错说理要素存在差异化、主观化、模糊化的问题,直接原因是作为酌定量刑情节缺少明确、具体、可适用的规范,同时与量刑过程中在罪的理解、刑的把握、情节评价、要素关联、量刑方法上的不足有关。此文将被害人过错分为主观型和客观型,客观型被害人过错影响量刑的理论基础在于被害人行为与行为人行为同向叠加共同组成犯罪行为或扩大了损害结果;对于主观型被害人过错,基于意志自由的“相对性”,结合主体性与主体际性理论,将自由分为行为自由和选择自由,将责任划分为定罪责任和量刑责任,被害人过错行为的“不当性”合规律地引起行为人反击冲动,从而影响行为人的选择自由。结合样本文书说理检验结果,从行为不当性、行为关联性和行为相对性三个方面对被害人过错说理要素进行细化。
Aiming to understand the role of the victim’s fault in criminal interaction and further standardize its reasoning elements,we analyzed the data of 1,029 controversial victims’wrongful behaviors in the crime of infringing on citizens’personal rights.Our analysis found that there are problems of differentiation,subjectivity,and ambiguity in the elements of the victim’s fault reasoning.The direct reason is the lack of clear,specific and applicable norms in the circumstances of discretionary sentencing.At the same time,it also originates from the deficiencies in the understanding of crime,the grasp of punishment,the evaluation of circumstances,the association of elements and sentencing methods in the sentencing process.On this basis,the victim’s fault can be divided into subjective and objective ones.The theoretical basis of the objective fault affecting sentencing lies in the fact that the victim’s behavior and the perpetrator’s behavior are superimposed in the same direction to form a crime or expand the damage result.For the subjective type of the victim’s fault,based on the“relativity”of freedom of will and combined with the theory of subjectivity and inter-subjectivity,freedom can be divided into the freedom of action and the freedom of choice,and responsibility into the responsibility for conviction and the responsibility for sentencing.The“inappropriateness”of the victim’s wrongful behavior regularly causes the perpetrator’s impulse to fight back,thus affecting his or her freedom of choice.Combining the results of the reasoning test offered by the sample documents,the elements of the victim’s fault reasoning are refined from the three aspects of behavioral misconduct,behavioral relevance,and behavioral relativity.
作者
江珞伊
刘树德
Jiang Luoyi;Liu Shude
出处
《法治现代化研究》
2023年第1期122-144,共23页
Law and Modernization
关键词
被害人过错
说理要素
自由意志
量刑责任
victim wrongs
reasoning elements
free will
sentencing liability
