摘要
以责任和预防为核心的量刑理论试图竖起一块量刑“天花板”,以防止重刑主义。而量刑实务立场以及最高司法机关的改革逻辑对于责任刑从根本上制约量刑这一点却认识不足,从而形成对罪犯一旦从重处罚情节较多时,其刑期就可以一直向上累加的不当认识。揭示量刑理论和实践的关键差异对于推进认罪认罚从宽制度下的量刑科学化有积极意义。未来有必要对量刑理论进行适度改造,以满足量刑实践的“简洁化”要求,注重区分“犯罪的过程性情节”和“犯罪人的个别性情节”,并将前者作为决定刑罚上限的原则性因素看待,将后者作为例外性微调责任刑的情节进行评价,从而确立量刑的阶层性思维。由于责任刑是有幅度的,所以追求量刑建议确定化的可行性存疑。刑诉法学界单纯从程序快速推进的角度思考量刑建议问题,存在明显不足;以公诉人和被告人之间存在某种“合意”法官就不得有任何改变,来论证量刑建议的效力,属于似是而非的说法。律师提出量刑异议且言之成理的情形下,法官有权对量刑建议进行改变。判断量刑活动准确与否的唯一标尺是责任主义,量刑建议的精准性、采纳率如何,显然都不是关键。
The theory of sentencing with responsibility and prevention as the core tries to prevent severe punishment.But since the punishment based on liability fundamentally restricts sentencing,the practical standpoint of sentencing and the reform logic of the supreme judicial authority are not fully understood,resulting in an improper understanding that once there are more circumstances for heavier punishment,the prison terms can be accumulated upward.It is therefore useful to reveal the key differences between sentencing theory and practice to promote better sentencing under the system of leniency for pleading guilty and accepting punishment.In the future,it is necessary to reform the sentencing theory in order to meet the“concise”requirements of sentencing practice,pay attention to the distinction between“the circumstances about process in a crime”and“the individual circumstances of the criminal”,and treat the former as the principle factor determining the upper limit of punishment and the latter as the circumstances of exceptional fine-tuning the punishment based on liability,so as to establish the hierarchy of sentencing.Since the punishment based on liability has a range,the feasibility of pursuing the determinacy of sentencing proposal is questionable.The existing literature simply considers the sentencing proposal from the perspective of rapid progress of procedure,which has obvious deficiencies.It is unfounded to suggest that if there is some agreement between the prosecutor and the defendant,the judge is not allowed to make any changes to justify the validity of the sentencing proposal.The judge has the right to change the sentencing proposal if the lawyer raises a reasonable objection to the sentencing.The only standard to judge the accuracy of sentencing is the principle of liability.Obviously,the accuracy and adoption rate of sentencing proposals are not the key.
出处
《中外法学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第5期1150-1167,共18页
Peking University Law Journal
关键词
量刑上限
犯罪过程性情节
犯罪人个别性情节
量刑建议
法官裁量权
Upper Limit of Sentencing
Circumstances about Process of Crime
Individual Circumstances of the Criminal
Sentencing Proposal
Discretion of the Judge
