摘要
2015《民诉法解释》第109条确立了层次化的证明标准体系,但规定过于简陋,同时缺乏程序制度的适配,肇致司法实务适用“排除合理怀疑”证明标准出现适用标准分化、适用场域泛化和适用过程模糊化等问题。其成因在于立法规定不清、相关概念内涵不明以及对当事人程序保障不足。反思我国民事“排除合理怀疑”证明标准,须从理论上重识其必要性与正当性,厘清刑民之分,进而在证明度上精确界定。藉此,修正图景应当从程序适用和程序救济两个维度展开。程序适用上既要发挥现有制度的应有功效,也要统一司法实务的认定方式,此外辅以法官须释明公开心证的要求以确保当事人的程序权益。程序救济上应当赋予当事人程序异议权、上诉权和申请再审的权利。
The introduction of Article 109 of the Interpretation of the Civil Procedure Law in 2015 has established a hierarchical certification standard system,but the provisions of this clause are too simple and lack the adaptation of the procedural system,causing the application of judicial practice"beyond a reasonable doubt"to prove the problem of applicable standard differentiation,applicable field generalization and applicable process blur.The causes of the problem lie in the unclear legislative provisions,the unclear connotation of the relevant concepts,and the insufficient procedural guarantee for the parties.To reflect on the civil proof standard of"beyond a reasonable doubt",we must revisit the necessity and legitimacy in theory,clarify the points of criminal people,and then accurately define the proof.By this,the revised picture should be developed from two dimensions:procedural application and procedural relief.In terms of procedural application,we should not only play the due effect of the existing system,but also unify the identification method of judicial practice.In addition,the judge should explain the requirements of exposition of mental prove to ensure the procedural rights and interests of the parties.In terms of procedural relief,the parties shall be given the right of procedural objection,appeal and the right to apply for a retrial.
作者
杜雨钊
DU Yuzhao(School of Law,Southwest University of Political Science&Law,Chongqing 400014,China)
出处
《河南科技大学学报（社会科学版）》
2023年第2期66-74,共9页
Journal of Henan University of Science & Technology(Social science)
基金
2021年度重庆市社会科学规划英才计划项目(2021YC056)
2021年重庆市研究生科研创新项目(CYS21170)
西南政法大学法学院2022年度学生科研创新项目(FXY2022055)
西南政法大学2021年度学生科研创新项目(2021XZXS-278)。
关键词
排除合理怀疑
证明标准
高度盖然性
心证公开
beyond a reasonable doubt
proof standards
high degree of probability
exposition of mental prove
