摘要
任何事物都同时具有其自在规定性和关系规定性。中国训诂学立足“语词之链”,着眼于文本的自在规定性,是历时语言学与共时语言学的融合。它扎根语义本位,坚守确定性追求,秉持客观主义历史观,坚持在方法论范畴内自我完善和发展。在两千多年的发展历程中,其学科对象、研究方法、基本经典和指导思想,都没有重大的变化。这是故步自封,也是自我坚守,是理论缺陷,也是独特价值。西方阐释学立足“时间之流”,着眼于文本的关系规定性和文本意义的实现方式。西方阐释学的发展过程实际上就是阐释学循环的深化过程,是关系规定性不断扩展的过程。西方阐释学把对关系规定性的关注贯彻到底,也把历史性和历史主义贯彻到底,导致了文本阐释活动中“物与人的彻底历史化”。对于西方阐释学而言,历史主义是一把双刃剑,它同时造就了客观主义与相对主义两种对立的历史观和阐释观。建构具有中国特色和当代形态的中国阐释学,必须立足中国资源,关注中国问题,尊重文化差异,强调世界眼光,在借鉴西方阐释学的成就与进展的同时,踏踏实实地汲取中国训诂学的精神、方法、理论和概念。
Everything is both self-prescriptive and relationship-prescriptive at the same time. Chinese exegesis,based on the “chain of words” and focusing on the self-prescriptive of the text,is the integration of diachronic linguistics and synchronic linguistics. It is rooted in the semantic standard,adheres to the pursuit of certainty,upholds the objectivist historical view,and adheres to self-improvement and development within the scope of methodology. In its more than 2000 years of development,its subject objects,research methods,basic classics and guiding ideology,have not changed significantly,which manifests its theoretical defects but also its unique values. Western hermeneutics,based on the “flow of time”,focuses on the relationship-prescriptive of texts and the meaning realization of texts,whose development process is actually the deepening process of hermeneutics cycle and the expanding process of relationship-prescriptive. It carried the concern for the relationship-prescriptive to the end,and also the historicity and historicism to the end,leading to the “complete historization of things and people” in text interpretation. As for Western hermeneutics,historicism is a double-edged sword,which has created two opposite views of history and interpretation:objectivism and relativism. To build a Chinese hermeneutics with Chinese characteristics and contemporary forms,we must base ourselves on Chinese resources,pay attention to Chinese problems,respect cultural differences,emphasize the world perspective,and draw on the spirit,methods,theories and concepts of Chinese exegesis while learning from the Western hermeneutics.
出处
《社会科学战线》
北大核心
2023年第1期152-159,F0002,282,共10页
Social Science Front
基金
国家社会科学基金项目(20STA013)
中国社会科学院大学校级重大项目(2020-KYLX01-05)。
