摘要
股东除名不应与股东失权相混淆,其具有解决股东纠纷和打破公司僵局的独立价值。法定除名事由应舍概念式立法,转采例示性类型结合不确定概念的立法模式;在尊重章程除名事由的同时应予严格限制,引入比例原则进行司法审查,嗣后章程除名事由应经股东会一致决议通过。关于股东除名决议,从解释论与司法实例来看,决议方法为普通决议,决议程序排除被除名股东表决权,其效力为成立即生效;从立法论来看,决议方法应为特别决议,应增设决议变更之诉以避免表决权排除规则被滥用,其效力应再造为成立未生效。除名决议成立即生效往往会引发效力争议,且不为登记机关所接受,在实践中通常借助除名决议有效确认之诉解决此弊端,但因面临程序上和实体上的困局而效果不彰。有鉴于此,我国公司法应引入除名之诉并进行具体的程序构造。
The expulsion of shareholders should not be confused with the loss of rights of shareholders,which has the independent value of resolving shareholders'disputes and breaking the corporation deadlock.Conceptual legislation of the legal causes of the expulsion should be abandoned,and the legislation of illustrative type combined with the uncertain concept should be adopted.The expulsion causes in the bylaws should be respected and limited,which should be reviewed by the principle of proportionality.The expulsion causes in the subsequent by-laws should be unanimously agreed by all shareholders.Regarding the resolution of expulsion of shareholders,from the perspective of hermeneutics and judicial cases,first,the resolution method is ordinary resolution and excludes the voting rights of the target shareholders;second,the resolution becomes effective upon its establishment.From the perspective of legislation,first,the resolution method should be special resolution;second,the change action of resolution should be introduced to avoid the abuse of the exclusion rule of voting rights;third,the resolution should be established and ineffective.The expulsion resolution is effective once it is established,which often leads to effectiveness disputes and is not accepted by the registration authority.In practice,effectiveness disputes are usually solved with the help of the action of effectiveness confirmation of the expulsion resolution,but which is not feasible due to serious procedural and substantive obstacles.In order to solve effectiveness disputes of the expulsion resolution and problems of the action of effectiveness confirmation of the expulsion resolution,China should introduce the action of expulsion and construct its procedures.
出处
《法学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第3期99-113,共15页
Law Science
基金
2020年度国家社科基金项目“《民法典》时代公司法体系化方法研究”(项目编号:20BFX120)的阶段性成果。
关键词
股东除名
除名事由
除名决议
重大事由
除名之诉
expulsion of shareholders
expulsion causes
resolution of expulsion of shareholders
material causes
actionofexpulsion
