摘要
如何提高黄河三角洲微咸水利用率,节约淡水资源是黄河三角洲盐碱地水稻产业发展的关键问题之一。以多个水稻品种为材料,比较了不同盐度、不同发育时期微咸水灌溉下产量相关性状的变化。结果表明,全生育期3 g/L和5 g/L盐度的微咸水灌溉均影响水稻产量,其中3 g/L微咸水灌溉主要影响了穗粒数和千粒重,而5 g/L微咸水灌溉影响是多方面的;全生育期3 g/L微咸水灌溉产量降低约10%,而5 g/L微咸水灌溉减产超过40%。在插秧返苗期3 g/L微咸水浇灌会降低成苗率,但一定程度上提高水稻的耐盐能力,降低盐胁迫对水稻产量的影响。相对其他时期,仅在分蘖期进行5 g/L微咸水灌溉对水稻产量的影响相对较小;孕穗灌浆期用微咸水灌溉严重影响水稻灌浆。因此,在当地淡水资源短缺的情况下,可以考虑在返苗期和分蘖期使用3 g/L的微咸水进行灌溉,但要适当增加该单位面积内苗数,缓解因成苗率降低造成的产量损失,而分蘖期可以适当采用高盐度微咸水灌溉,但不宜超过5 g/L,孕穗灌浆期微咸水盐度应严格控制在3 g/L以下。黄河三角洲地区微咸水资源的利用能够充分节约淡水资源,具有较好的经济和生态效益。
How to improve the utilization rate of brackish water and save freshwater resources is one of the key issues in the development of the rice industry in the Yellow River Delta saline-alkali land. In this study, multiple rice varieties were used to compare yield-related traits and yield changes through brackish water irrigation with different salinity contents at developmental stages. The results showed that irrigation with brackish water of 3 g/L and 5 g/L salinity in the whole growth period obviously both reduced rice yield. Irrigation with 3 g/L of brackish water mainly affected grain number per spike and 1 000-grain weight, while the effects of 5 g/L brackish water irrigation on rice yield were multifaceted. Irrigation with 3 g/L of brackish water reduced yields by about 10% throughout the growth period, while 5 g/L of brackish water irrigation reduced yields by more than 40%. Irrigation with 3 g/L of brackish water in the transplanting regreening stage reduced the seedlingsurvival rate, but it could improve the salt tolerance of rice to a certain extent and reduced the impact of salt stress on rice yield. Compared with other periods, only irrigation with 5 g/L brackish water at tillering stage had a relatively small impact on rice yield. Irrigation with brackish water during booting and filling stage seriously affected rice filling. Therefore, in the case of shortage of fresh water resources, it could be considered to use 3 g/L brackish water for irrigation in the transplanting regreening stage and the tillering period, but the number of seedlings should be appropriately increased to mitigate the yield loss caused by the reduction of seedling rate. In the tillering period, high salinity brackish water could be appropriately used for irrigation, but it should not exceed 5 g/L. The salinity of brackish water in booting and filling stage should be strictly controlled below 3 g/L. The utilization of brackish water resources in the Yellow River Delta could fully save fresh water resources, with good economic and ec
作者
郑崇珂
戴南平
周冠华
彭永彬
解丽霞
孙伟
周晋军
张希军
赵翔宇
谢先芝
ZHENG Chong-ke;DAI Nan-ping;ZHOU Guan-hua;PENG Yong-bin;XIE Li-xia;SUN Wei;ZHOU Jin-jun;ZHANG Xi-jun;ZHAO Xiang-yu;XIE Xian-zhi(Institute of Wetland Agriculture and Ecology,Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Jinan 250100,China;Shandong Agricultural University,Tai′an 271018,Shandong Province,China;Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources,Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Jinan 250100,China;Shandong Tongshuo Agricultural Science and Technology,Dongying 257513,Shandong Province,China)
出处
《节水灌溉》
北大核心
2023年第3期17-23,共7页
Water Saving Irrigation
基金
山东省农业科学院农业科技创新工程“耐盐抗病优质水稻全产业链绿色生产技术研究”(CXGC2022A11)
山东省重点研发计划(重大科技创新工程)项目“优质耐盐水稻全产业链绿色生产技术创新与产业化”(2021TZXD005)。
关键词
水稻
微咸水
生育期
发育时期
产量性状
rice
brackish water
growth stages
developmental stages
yield traits
