摘要
水资源是基础性自然资源和重要的战略资源。盐碱地多分布于干旱半干旱地区,淡水资源短缺是盐碱区农业可持续发展的主要限制因素。同时盐碱区较为丰富的咸水微咸水资源、土地资源和光热资源等为盐碱区农业可持续发展提供了可能。本文针对咸水灌溉影响耕地质量、作物生长、产量和品质等问题,综述了基于水质的咸水分类、咸水灌溉制度与灌溉方式和地下水埋深等影响咸水在农业生产中安全利用的因素,阐述了不同矿化度咸水灌溉,土壤水力特性、理化性质、温室气体排放等土壤质量变化情况和对作物生长发育、产量和品质的影响,明确了有机物料、咸水灌溉制度、覆盖和耕作等农艺措施、水肥盐多因素调控和耐盐作物适盐种植等农业措施的作用。咸水灌溉下土壤质量呈下降趋势,有机物料的施用、秸秆还田和合理的耕作等调控措施通过影响土壤质量保证咸水的安全利用。与旱作相比,咸水灌溉可以起到明显的增产作用,在合理的咸水范围内还能提升品质。在新形势下,未来将面向国家粮食安全重大需求,以协同提升土壤质量、作物产量和品质为多目标,系统开展咸水非充分灌溉、水肥盐综合调控、咸水灌溉对土壤质量和作物咸水精准灌溉机理过程研究、技术研发和模式示范工作,为缺水盐渍区农业可持续发展提供理论依据和技术支撑。
Fresh water is a basic natural and important strategic resource. Most salt-affected soils are distributed in arid and semi-arid areas, and a shortage of freshwater resources is the most important limiting factor for sustainable agricultural development. However,the relatively rich saline water, land, solar, and thermal resources in saline-alkali areas provide sustainable regional agriculture development potential. To address challenges of soil quality decline and crop yield reduction induced by saline water irrigation, this study summarizes the factors affecting the safe utilization of saline water and the impact mechanism of saline water irrigation on soil hydraulic characteristics, soil physicochemical properties, crop growth, grain yield, and quality. First, freshwater, brackish water, and saline water classifications were as previously described. Factors affecting the safe utilization of saline water include saline water quality, irrigation amount, irrigation methods, and the groundwater table. Second, saline water irrigation has negative effects on soil quality, which increases the salinity of the surface soil, destroys the soil structure, and further affects the soil hydraulic characteristics, water infiltration, and salt distribution, affecting greenhouse gas emissions. Third, crops grow slowly and die because of the lower photosynthetic rate after saline water irrigation. However, most of the treatments irrigated using saline water improved the grain yield compared with the rainfed treatment and improved the grain quality under optimal salinity water. Furthermore, based on field experiments, most crops have optimal saline water thresholds. Finally, we analyzed the regulatory effects of agricultural practices such as organic fertilizer application, straw mulching, tillage, saline water irrigation schedules, cropping systems, and salt-tolerant crop planting. In the future, to ensure food and water security, it is necessary to conduct the mechanism process and technology research, and develop model to demons
作者
孙宏勇
张雪佳
田柳
娄泊远
刘彤
王金涛
董心亮
郭凯
刘小京
SUN Hongyong;ZHANG Xuejia;TIAN Liu;LOU Boyuan;LIU Tong;WANG Jintao;DONG Xinliang;GUO Kai;LIU Xiaojing(Center for Agricultural Resources Research,Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Labor-atory of Agricultural Water Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences/Hebei Key Laboratory of Water-Saving Agriculture,Shijiazhuang 050022,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)
出处
《中国生态农业学报（中英文）》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第3期354-363,共10页
Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture
基金
中国科学院战略性先导科技专项A类(XDA26040102)
河北省重点研发计划项目(21326411D,21326408D)资助。
关键词
咸水灌溉
耕地质量
作物生产
调控措施
Saline water irrigation
Soil quality
Crop production
Regulation measures
