摘要
热喷涂技术是通过喷涂粉末或丝材状态的原材料在基体表面得到具有耐高温、耐腐蚀、耐磨损等性能的涂层,从而达到对基体的保护作用。热喷涂粉末材料范围广泛,包括金属、非金属和陶瓷等,但是其生产成本高,利用率低,而且涂层沉积速率慢,喷涂设备复杂。相比之下,丝材展现出了很大的优势,一方面丝材生产成本低,材料利用率高,涂层沉积速率快;另一方面,粉芯丝材的出现解决了陶瓷材料难以制成丝状以及实心丝材成分难以调控的问题,极大地促进了丝材喷涂工艺的发展。目前,丝材喷涂工艺主要有电弧喷涂、丝材火焰喷涂以及等离子转移弧喷涂,其中电弧喷涂和火焰喷涂工艺成熟,在喷涂粉芯丝材和实心丝材方面得到了广泛的应用,但是制备的涂层氧化严重,孔隙率高;等离子转移弧喷涂作为新的丝材喷涂工艺,制备的涂层氧化程度小,孔隙率低,涂层质量好。通过研究喷涂过程中丝材熔融机理和熔滴特性来改进喷涂工艺和设计新型喷涂技术成为提高涂层质量两种主要途径。本文综述了近年来热喷涂所用丝材的研究进展,以及涂层的耐腐蚀、耐高温和耐磨损性能;介绍了丝材火焰喷涂、电弧喷涂和等离子转移弧喷涂的优缺点;对喷涂过程中实心丝材和粉芯丝材的熔化和雾化行为以及粒子的形成进行了归纳总结,以期为后续研究新型丝材以及优化丝材喷涂工艺提供理论指导。最后展望了热喷涂用丝材和丝材喷涂工艺的发展方向。
Thermal spraying technology is to spray powder or wire raw materials to obtain a coating with high temperature resis-tance, corrosion resis-tance, abrasion resistance, so as to achieve the protection of the substrate. Thermal spraying powder materials have a wide range, including metals, non-metals and ceramics, but its disadvantages are the high production cost, the low utilization rate and the low coating deposition rate.In contrast, wire materials have shown great advantages. On the one hand, the production cost of wire is low, the material utilization rate is high,and the coating deposition rate is fast. On the other hand, the emergence of powder cored wire solved the problem that ceramic materials are difficult to make wire, while the composition of solid wire is difficult to control, which greatly promoted the development of wire spraying process. At present, wire spraying technology mainly includes arc spraying, wire flame spraying and plasma transfer arc spraying. Arc spraying and flame spraying technology are mature, which have been widely used to spray powder core wire and solid wire. However, the prepared coating is oxidized seriously and has high porosity. Plasma transfer arc spraying as a new wire spraying process, the prepared coating has low oxidation degree, low porosity and good quality. Two main ways to improve the coating quality are to improve the spraying process and design new spraying technology by studying the melting mechanism and droplet characteristics of wire during the spraying process. This article summarizes the research progress of wires used in thermal spraying in recent years, as well as the corrosion resistance, high temperature resistance and abrasion resistance of the corresponding coatings. The advantages and disadvantages of wire spraying, arc spraying and plasma transfer arc spraying are introduced. The melting and atomizing behavior of solid and cored wire as well as the formation of particles during wire spraying process are summarized in order to provide theoretical guid
作者
谭国龙
白宇
刘明
黄艳斐
王海斗
马国政
TAN Guolong;BAI Yu;LIU Ming;HUANG Yanfei;WANG Haidou;MA Guozheng(State Key Laboratory of Metal Material Strength,Xi'an Jiaotong University,Xi’an 710049,China;National Key Lab for Remanufacturing,Army Academy of Armored Forces,Beijing 100072,China;National Engineering Research Center for Remanufacturing,Army Academy of Armored Forces,Beijing 100072,China)
出处
《材料导报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第5期182-190,共9页
Materials Reports
基金
国家自然科学基金(52075542,52130509,52105235)。
关键词
热喷涂
实心丝材
粉芯丝材
丝材喷涂技术
熔化和雾化行为
thermal spraying
solid wire
powder core wire
wire spraying technology
melting and atomizing behavior
