摘要
改革开放以来,我国公共卫生治理呈现出鲜明的应急导向和特征,依据公共卫生应急政策变迁可探究公共卫生治理的改革历程与规律。以1978—2020年中央层面出台的460份公共卫生应急政策为样本,采用政策文献量化方法,从政策时间、政策类型、政策主体、政策问题、政策工具五方面可以对政策变迁的外部属性与内部结构进行系统研究。研究结果表明:我国公共卫生治理呈现应急性演化趋势,即政策数量总体增长与阶段波动共存、政策主体权威性与多元化交互、政策主题应急性与连续性共生、政策工具组合性与主导性共在。据此,从政策角度提出优化我国公共卫生治理改革的对策建议,即协同政策主体,提升危机应对能力;强化政策工具,提高应急响应效率;优化政策议程,实现智慧应急治理。
Since the reform and opening up policy,China’s public health governance system has been distinctly emergency oriented and featured,therefore,it is feasible to explore the reform process of China’s public health governance system and generalize the laws behind the process in accordance with the policy changes of public health emergency.Taking 460 emergency policies of public health issued by the central government from 1978 to 2020 as samples,this paper makes a systematic study on the external attributes and internal structure of policy changes from five aspects:policy time,policy types,policy subjects,policy problems and policy tools by using the quantitative analysis of policy documents.The results show that the reform of public health governance system in China followed a trend of emergency evolution,indicating the coexistence of overall increase and fluctuations at different stages in terms of policy quantity,the alternation of authority and diversification in terms of policy subjects,the symbiosis of abruptness and continuity in terms of policy themes and the integration of tool combinations and dominance in terms of policy tools.Based on this,this paper puts forward countermeasures and suggestions to optimize China’s public health governance system from the perspective of policy:coordinating policy subjects to enhance the ability of crisis response,strengthening policy tools to improve the efficiency of emergency response and optimizing the policy agenda to achieve smart emergency management.
作者
南锐
李艳
NAN Rui;LI Yan(School of Law and Humanities,China University of Mining and Technology,Beijing 100083,China;Jincheng Municipal People’s Hospital,Shanxi Jincheng 048026)
出处
《上海大学学报（社会科学版）》
北大核心
2023年第1期93-114,共22页
Journal of Shanghai University(Social Sciences Edition)
基金
国家社会科学基金青年项目(18CGL033)
北京市社会科学基金项目(20GLC044)。
关键词
应急政策
应急管理
公共卫生
突发公共卫生事件
政策变迁
政策文献量化
emergency policy
emergency management
public health
public health emergencies
policy changes
quantitative analysis of policy documents
