摘要
指物疑问代词“啥”在吴江、苏州等北部吴语中除了用作论元及限定词外,还有几种少见于其他方言的扩展功能,其中包括作为副词性代词在动词前或句首询问原因的功能。原因疑问代词“啥”带有比普通话“怎么”更强的反预期语气,预期性成为原因疑问代词的寄生范畴;加上其他原因疑问代词或短语,吴江话形成6个词语(7个功能单位)的原因疑问代词库藏(相对于英语why一个词),在寄生的预期性范畴上形成少见的“中性-反预期-强反预期(负面惊异)”三分法。文章并结合早期苏州话文献,探讨了吴江话“啥”从指物疑问代词扩展出原因疑问代词的4种路径,并对四种路径的可能性进行了评估。
The interrogative pronoun for objects sha(啥;what)in the Wu(吴)dialects of Wujiang(吴江)and Suzhou(苏州)not only serves as an argument or a determiner,as in spoken Mandarin and many other dialects,but can function as an interrogative pronoun for cause adverbial as well,occurring sentence-initially or preceding the verb.Sha(啥)also conveys a stronger mood of counter-expectation than Zenme(怎么;how,why),a Mandarin interrogative pronoun for cause.With Sha(啥)and other interrogative Pro-forms for cause,the Wujiang(吴江)dialect owns a rather rich inventory containing 6 Wh-forms(7 functions)for cause(c.f.English why),with a rarely attested tripartite expectation system of middle-expectation,counter-expectation and strong counter-expectation(mirative)as its parasitic category.Based on early written texts of the Suzhou(苏州)dialect and current dialectal data from Wujiang(吴江)and Suzhou(苏州),the paper explores 4 possible pathways of sha(啥)from the interrogative pronoun for object into that for cause,and discusses their respective likeliness.
作者
刘丹青
LIU Dan-qing(School of Humanities,Shenzhen University,Shenzhen Guangdong 518060,China)
出处
《语言研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第1期60-67,共8页
Studies in Language and Linguistics
基金
国家社科基金重点项目“汉语方言语法特征语料库建设”(19AYY004)
深圳大学特聘教授启动项目。
关键词
吴江方言
指物疑问代词
原因疑问代词
预期性范畴
寄生范畴
Wujiang(吴江)dialect
Interrogative pronoun for objects
Interrogative pronoun for cause
Category of expectation
Parasitic category
