摘要
日本外国劳动力市场是我国对外劳务合作的最大国别市场之一,也是中日经贸合作的重要组成部分,具有长期性、稳定性、紧迫性和潜力性特点。近年来,由于人口老龄化和劳动力紧缺严重制约日本经济的发展,日本政府不断改革技能实习制度,推出“特定技能人才法案”,新设面向外国技能者的特定技能签证,并实行无限期更新。日本改变不直接接收外国劳动者的政策,敞开直接雇佣外国劳动者的大门,这将打破30多年来我国对日研修、技能实习合作的模式,带来市场份额缩小、竞争加剧、管理难度加大等挑战。我国对日劳务合作应克服传统模式,以中高端劳务优势实行差异化竞争,应对日本劳务市场变化,重构面向长远的雇佣合作新模式,打造互利共赢新格局。
Japan’s foreign labor market is one of the largest markets for China’s foreign labor cooperation and an important part of China-Japan economic and trade cooperation. The labor services cooperation between China and Japan is characterized by long term, stability, urgency and potential. In recent years, due to that the aging population and labor shortage severely restrict the development of Japan’s economy, the Japanese government is constantly reforming its skill practice system. The government introduces the law on talents with specific skills and also launches a new specific skill visa for foreign skilled people and decides to update it indefinitely. This major policy adjustment shows that Japan changes its original intention of not directly receiving foreign workers;instead, the country opens its door for foreign labors. Such efforts will change China’s training and skill practice cooperation mode with Japan for more than 30 years and will bring challenges to China, such as shrinking market share, intensified competition and more difficulty in management. Therefore, China is expected to change traditional business model in labor services cooperation with Japan and give full play to its advantages of mid-and high-end labor services in differentiated competition, aiming to confront changes from the Japanese labor market,reconstruct a new model of long-term employment cooperation and achieve mutual benefits and win-win results.
作者
张翔如
Zhang Xiangru(China International Contractors Association)
出处
《国际经济合作》
北大核心
2022年第6期71-81,89,共12页
Journal of International Economic Cooperation
关键词
日本外劳政策
对日劳务合作
Japan’s foreign labor services policy
China’s labor services cooperation with Japan
